Wavelength Conversion Four Wave Mixing in Silicon Waveguide

Wavelength Conversion by Degenerate Four Wave Mixing in Silicon Waveguide Abstract – Four-wave mixing (FWM) is one of the interesting nonlinearities in optical systems. It is mainly used for wavelength conversion. To investigate the factors that affect the wavelength conversion efficiency, the evolution of Four-wave mixing (FWM) in silicon waveguide is modeled using matlab. The method of modeling is described. The effects of input pump power and waveguide length on the conversion efficiency are investigated.Results show that when propagating along a 0. 048m silicon waveguide, both the input pump power and stroke power decreases, while anti-stroke power increases first and then decreases along the waveguide. It is also shown that for a 0. 048 silicon waveguide, output anti-stroke power is the maximum when the input pump power is 3W. Also, when the input pump power is kept constant, there is a most effective waveguide length for wavelength conversion. Keywords -FWM; model; conve rsion efficiency; input pump power; waveguide length 1 IntroductionFour-wave mixing (FWM) is an inter modulation phenomenon in optical systems, whereby interaction between three waves (two pump waves and a signal wave) produce a fourth wave (idler wave) [1]. This phenomenon can be used for all optical wavelength conversion (AOWC) and entangled photon generation [2, 3]. As extremely small core of si wires produce the nonlinear optical effect even under low optical power, Silicon is used as waveguide in our project for practical wavelength conversion by FWM process with longer waveguide lengths and smaller propagation loss[4].Factors that affect optical wavelength conversion are being studied to enhance the conversion efficiency. It has therefore become important to study FWM in silicon waveguide theoretically to increase the conversion efficiency for further experiment. In our project, FWM matlab to study the factors that affect the conversion efficiency. This paper discusses the fac tors that affect FWM’s conversion efficiency in silicon waveguide. Theoretical treatment is presented in section 2, where FWM in silicon waveguide is described. The method to model FWM in silicon waveguide using matlab is described in section 3.Results are shown in section 4. Results show that both the input pump power and the waveguide length play an important part in the FWM’s conversion efficiency. 2 THEORY The FWM process involves the interaction of four waves (two Pump waves, one signal and one idler wave) as they propagates along a medium. In our project, silicon waveguide is used as the medium. The schematic diagram of FWM in silicon waveguide is shown in figure 1. Here, E represents the electric field of the respective waves and normalized such that power P=|E|^2. Subscripts ‘p’, ‘s’ and ‘a’ represent pump, signal and idler respectively.The superscript ‘f’ represents forward propagating waves. [pic] Figure 1 S chematic diagram of FWM in silicon waveguide . 3 METHODOLOGY The evolution of the three waves along the silicon waveguide can be modeled by the following differential equations [1]. [pic][pic][pic][pic] where Aeff is the waveguide effective core area, ? is the wavelength, ? is the linear propagation loss and ? is the TPA coefficient, ? is the FCA cross section and ? eff is the effective carrier lifetime. h and c follow their usual physical meaning of Plank’s constant and free-space speed of light respectively. k denotes the linear phase mismatch and can be expressed as[pic]. ? is the nonlinear parameter assumed to be the same for three wavelengths and defined as [pic] where n2 is the nonlinear refractive index. To simulate the evolution of the three waves along the silicon waveguide, the above four differential equation are solved simultaneously using Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF) method [2]. |Parameters |Input-Output simulation values | |? |100/4. 34 m-1 | |Aeff |0. 17? 10^(-12 ) m2 | |? 0. 7? 10^(-11) m/W | |? p |1310? 10^(-9) m | |? eff |1? 10^(-9) s | |c |2. 998? 10^(8) | |h |6. 626? 10^(-34) Js | |? k |0 m/s | |? p |1. 0297? 10-21m2 | |? |2. 43 ? 10^(-11) m/W | 4 RESULTs and discussion . 1 Modelling of FWM in silicon waveguide Given Pp=1W, Ps=0. 001W, Pa=0W and L=0. 048m, Pump power, stroke power and anti-stroke power are drawn with respect to the position in the waveguide. [pic][pic][pic]The figures above show that when propagating in the waveguide, both the pump power and stroke power decrease while the anti-stoke power increases. This is as expected, as the interaction of the pump wave and stroke wave produce the anti-stroke wave. The increase of the anti-stroke power comes from the decrease of the pump and stroke power.It can be seen that, at the end of the waveguide, the pump power is only 0. 26W and the stoke power is only 0. 026W. Both of them decrease 74% of their original power. Both the pump power and stroke power decrease fast at the beginni ng, and then their decrease rate becomes slower when propagating further in the waveguide. This implies that the higher the pump power and the stroke power, the higher the propagation loss. As a result, the anti-stroke power increases fast at the beginning and then its increasing rate slows down. At the length of 0. 42m, the power of the anti-stroke reaches its maximum value which is about 3. 2*10^-5W. Then the anti-stroke power starts to decrease slowly. This may be because when the pump and stroke power is small, the gain of the anti-stroke power is less than its propagation loss. 4. 2 Effects of input pump power on conversion efficiency Given Ps=0. 001W, Pa=0W and L=0. 048m, Pp changes from 0 to 10W with step 0. 2W. The graph of the output stroke power and the output anti-stroke power are drawn with respect to the input pump power. [pic] Figure 2. 1 Output stroke power with different input pump powerThis graph shows that the larger the input pump power, the smaller the output str oke power. This is as expected, as the larger the input pump power, the larger the propagation loss. The output stroke decreases slower when the input pump power is higher. [pic] Figure 2. 2 Output anti-stroke power with different input pump power This graph shows that when the input pump power is less than3W, the higher the input pump power, the higher the output anti-stroke power. This is as expected, as more input power can be converted to anti-stroke power when the input pump power is larger.When the input pump power is larger than3W, the output anti-stoke power decreases with the input pump power. As the higher the input pump power, the higher the propagation loss. When the input pump power is larger than3W, the propagation loss dominates. 4. 3 Effects of waveguide length on conversion efficiency To investigate the relationship between the waveguide length and the conversion efficiency, input power are keep constant, Pp=1W, Ps=0. 001W, Pa=0W, L changes from 0. 001m to 0. 1m wit h step 0. 001m. Output stroke power and output anti-stroke power are drawn with respect to different waveguide length. pic] Figure 3. 1 Output stroke power with different waveguide length This graph shows that the longer the waveguide length, the smaller the output stroke power. This is as expected, as the longer the waveguide length, the larger the propagation loss. The decreasing rate of the output stroke power decreases with the waveguide length. [pic] Figure 3. 2 Output anti-stroke power with different waveguide length This graph shows that when the waveguide length is less than 0. 048m, the output anti-stroke power increases with the waveguide length.This implies that the gain is larger than the propagation loss in the waveguide. When the waveguide length is larger than 0. 48m, the output anti-stoke power decreases with the waveguide length. At waveguide length larger than 0. 048m, the propagation loss is larger than the gain of the anti-stroke power. The output anti-stroke pow er has a maximum value of 4. 5*10^3 when the waveguide is 0. 048m. Thus, the most effective waveguide length is 0. 048m. 5 Conclusion The conclusion serves the important function of drawing together the various sections of the written report.The conclusion is a summary, and the developments of the previous sections or chapters should be succinctly restated, important findings discussed and conclusions drawn from the whole study. In addition, you may list questions that have appeared in the course of the study that require additional research, beyond the limits of the project being reported. Where appropriate, recommendations for future work may be included. The conclusion should, however, leave the reader with an impression of completeness and of gain. AcknowledgmentThe author would like to express her deepest gratitude to A/P Luan Feng and PhD student Huang Ying for their guidance, assistance and advices. The author also wishes to acknowledge the funding support for this project fr om Nanyang Technological University under the Undergraduate Research Experience on Campus (URECA) programme. References The template will number citations consecutively within brackets [1]. The sentence punctuation follows the bracket [2]. Refer simply to the reference number, as in [3]—do not use â€Å"Ref. [3]† or reference [3]† except at the beginning of a sentence: â€Å"Reference [3] was the first †¦Ã¢â‚¬ Number footnotes separately in superscripts. Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the column in which it was cited. Do not put footnotes in the reference list. Use letters for table footnotes. Unless there are six authors or more give all authors’ names; do not use â€Å"et al. † Papers that have not been published, even if they have been submitted for publication, should be cited as â€Å"unpublished† [4]. Papers that have been accepted for publication should be cited as â€Å"in press† [5]. Capitalize only the firs t word in a paper title, except for proper nouns and element symbols.For papers published in translation journals, please give the English citation first, followed by the original foreign-language citation [6]. 1] G. Eason, B. Noble, and I. N. Sneddon, â€Å"On certain integrals of Lipschitz-Hankel type involving products of Bessel functions,† Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A247, pp. 529-551, April 1955. (references) 2] J. Clerk Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed. , vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon, 1892, pp. 68-73. 3] I. S. Jacobs and C. P. Bean, â€Å"Fine particles, thin films and exchange anisotropy,† in Magnetism, vol.III, G. T. Rado and H. Suhl, Eds. New York: Academic, 1963, pp. 271-350. 4] K. Elissa, â€Å"Title of paper if known,† unpublished. 5] R. Nicole, Title of paper with only first word capitalized,† J. Name Stand. Abbrev. , in press. 6] Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, â€Å"Electron spectroscopy studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate interface,† IEEE Transl. J. Magn. Japan, vol. 2, pp. 740-741, August 1987 [Digests 9th Annual Conf. Magnetics Japan, p. 301, 1982]. 7] M. Young, The Technical Writer’s Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: University Science, 1989.

Musical Theatre Essay

What is Musical theatre and what makes it different than any other theatre with music forms, especially Opera? Musical Theatre   The art of music, dance and drama have been linked together since the dawn of time and are still really connected with one another that it is inadvisable to try to tell the difference between them too definitely. Figure 1 – Musical Theatre Performance4 It is rare a production has no music in it whatsoever. Most plays either call for music or may be enhanced by the addition of music. The characters would play or sing, accompanying themselves or accompanied by others. The music in theatre plays in the distance or from on stage electronic source. Usually, live ensemble or live band plays music on stage or at the wing of the pit. The word ‘musical’ started life as an adjective rather than a noun, and there are some people who think it should stayed that way. Musical theatre is a form of theatre that combines songs, spoken dialogue, acting, and dance. The story and emotional content of the piece – humor, pathos, love, anger – are communicated through the words, music, movement and technical aspects of the entertainment as an integrated whole. Musical theatre in Europe dates back to the theatre of ancient Greece where music and dance was included in stage comedies and tragedies during the 5th century BCE. Itâ⠂¬â„¢s a development of musical comedy or opà ©rette. Theatre with song and dance became more popular in the 1600 -1700’s. Soon musical became very popular in France, Britain, and Germany. The music in musical theatre helps to support as a storytelling device. The songs that they use in the play would help to describe their situation or plot or simply describe their feelings.   Although musical theatre overlaps with other theatrical forms, it may be distinguished by the equal importance given to the music as compared with the dialogue, movement and other elements of the works. There are only slight differences between all of them, which make it very hard for the people that don’t know anything to distinguish them. Musicals are performed all around the world. They all have similar idea of the performance, just different styles. The countries that perform musical theatre a lot other than America are Netherlands, Italy, Sweden, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Russia, Turkey and China. Figure 2 – Broadway, New York 6 Figure 2 – Broadway, New York 6 They may be presented in large venues, such as big budget West End and Broadway theatre productions in London and New York, or in smaller fringe theatre, Off-Broadway or regional theatre productions, on tour, or by amateur groups in schools, theatres and other performance spaces. The staging for musical theater is not so different from the usual theatre staging. They just have to keep the stage pictures fluid and interesting, and give a central focus to the main character. One difficulty in musical theatre staging is the direct consequence of the use of amplification. The voice are miked and transmitted through speakers in a mix with the orchestral sound, so the audience won’t hear them acoustically. The costumes that they wear depend on the story that they’re telling. The thing about musical theatre is that it’s really free. As long as there are a lot of music and dancing and everything, it is considered a musical theatre. Doesn’t really matter how the stage looks like, or how do the actors dress up like, there are no boundaries. It goes according the type or story. Types Of Theatre With Music There are 7 types of theatres that are very similar or are considered as musical theatre; opera, operetta, comic opera, musical revue, musical comedy, musical play, and concept musical. Figure 3 – Opera Opera is the oldest form of musical theatre. It is â€Å"Total Music†, they do not speak at all, even in conversations. The show is all about the music as in, the music is the main focus and everything else in the production is secondary. Operetta’s music is lighter than operatic music. The singer or actor speaks lines rather than sings them. The plots are flimsy and serve only to connect one song to another. All the plot, character, and acting are incidental to the music. The music must be well written and actors have to be accomplished singers. Comic opera is the offshoot of an Operetta. It is usually humorous or satirical. It is also considered an opera with a happy ending and in which some of the text is spoken. Musical Revue is a type of multi act theatrical enter ­tain ­ment that uses any combination of music, dance and sketches. It is a loosely connected series of production numbers. Figure 4 – Guys and Dolls, an example of musical comedy 7 Musical comedy is a combination between the elements of musical revue and the elements of Operetta. The music is always the most important element. The plots are usually fairly weak. All the characters are more believable. Dialogue they use is clever because it’s also comedic and it has to be creative. The emphasis of Musical Play is on the character. There are real people in real life-like situations. Acting and choreography as well as music are integral to the production as a whole. It usually contains good story, clever dialogue, interesting characters, well-designed choreography, bouncy tunes, and also meaningful ballads. Concept musical is a musical where the show’s metaphor or statement is more important than the actual narrative. It was built around a single theatrical idea. The plot is secondary to situation. Usually, they are a series of independent scene loosely tied together. A director of a concept musical is more concerned about how the show is handled than what it has to say. Telling Opera and Musical Theatre Apart From the slight differences between all of these types of theatres mentioned, most people would still be confused with the difference of musical theatre and opera. Both forms can be comic or serious, long or short, ‘sung through’ or partly spoken. Both may or may not contain dance, choral singing, or other musical-related things like rhymes. Operas tending to be written in classical ‘long form’, with strong sense of overall thematic unity, and musical theatre tends to be written as a succession of ‘short form’ songs. Opera singers mostly use a highly developed head voice when they sing, while musical performers tends to sing more on the chest, but then again, not exclusively so. Musical theatre performers are usually required to sing eight shows a week, and they could not possibly sustain that number of performances without some electronic help, especially when they are competing with electronic instruments on stage. Opera singers rarely sing their roles more than twice or three times a week, almost always without amplification, but even this is starting to change because many opera houses sneaking in subtle forms of ‘voice enhancement’. Conclusion These inconsistent and often insignificant differences between the two forms are more associated with the way the works are perceived by their audiences than with any fundamental artistic quality they might have. Those differences have more to do with the manner in which the two forms are written and brought to the stage than anything fundamental to do with their form or content.

Cognitive Behavioral Family Therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cognitive Behavioral Family Therapy - Essay Example Among the concepts or theories are social exchange theory, operant conditioning, behavioral exchange theory and social learning theory. However, the central goal of Cognitive Behavioral Family Therapy is to extinguish undesired behaviors while encourage positive behaviors that sustain healthy families. Cognitive Behavioral Family Therapy has made significant contributions to the field of Family Therapy. One of the contributions relates to the concept of operant condition, where consequences govern and regulate behaviors. Families are systems made of structures and subsystems regulated by interrelationships. Different members have different behaviors and characters. Some of characters are bad and unwanted, and needs to be subject to control. Elaborate consequences for each negative behavior established by the highest authority in the family system are the main decelerators of the dysfunctional behaviors (Nichols, 2013). From that view, Cognitive Behavioral Family Therapy provides therapist with idea that they should analyze effectiveness of consequences against particular negative behaviors. Another important contribution of Cognitive Behavioral Family Therapy to the field of Family Therapy relates to introduction of Social Exchange Theory. According to Social Exchange Theory, human beings struggle to maximize rewards and reduce costs in relationships. Healthy families are those that mutually maximize rewards (Nichols, 2013). Unhealthy families on the other hand are those that members protect themselves from hurt to consider ways to please each other. This concept can help in efficient analysis and study of family systems and structure, and eventual identification of underlying problem to ease and shorten therapy process and time. Consideration of Behavioral Exchange Theory is another contribution of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to

One topic or theme that compares and contrasts traditional and more Essay - 1

One topic or theme that compares and contrasts traditional and more recent innovations in our understanding of equality and diversity - Essay Example abilities approach in managing diversity revolves around the ability to measure people’s abilities and what they can achieve as well as what they can become, in order to allocate the right amount and the right kind of resources in their development or welfare (Comim, et al, 2008, p.84). Capabilities are seen as opportunities for well being and therefore, justice is seen in terms of how an individual will achieve his well being (Kaufman, 2006 p.2). According to Hernandez and O’Connor (2009, p.165), the HR department has a lot of power in determining which titles will be given to who and who will get how much in their pay and this means that the HR department has a strong rein on how people develop in the organization. Managing diversity in the workplace is one of the biggest challenges and yet exciting processes in the workplace. Managing diversity is essential in meeting organizations goals and implementing its strategy (Wilkinson, 2009, p.232). According to Cornelius (2002, p.153), having workforce that is entirely diverse starts at recruitment and the HR department should and must have the right strategy for achieving this. With this regard, there are both traditional and modern approaches to managing diversity. Traditional methods of managing diversity were mostly from the US and were focused on creating a work environment that took care of ethnic differences. Managing diversity has, however, changed and today, not only it is a global management issue but it has taken a new route. Modern diversity management focuses on managing talent and making sure that people abilities are given equal opportunity without regard to their race, health or cultures. The difference between traditional strategies in managing diversity and the current approach is that the current methodology does not give minority groups in the work place more opportunity just because they are a minority. For instance, in the older strategies for managing diversities in the workplace, a

Job Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Job - Essay Example They must be perfect and timely as well as compliant with the set financial laws and regulations. Notably, the job market for financial managers is very competitive and equally growing. However, financial managers with knowledge on international finance and financial instruments and securities have a competitive advantage. Ideally, every company or government agency will require one or more financial managers to oversee its financial operations. In this context, job analysis for a financial manager will help our company and me to recruit the best person for the job in the financial market. There is one vacant position for a Financial Manager in our company. Job Description Having been a Financial Manager, I ascertain that a financial manager in our company bears the responsibility for all financial control and reporting aspects and links the finance department with the upper management. A Financial Manager also analyses accounting data to maximize the company’s working capital , reduce operational costs and improve the overall performance of the company. The Financial Manager ensures that the company’s financial reports comply with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and other industry regulations. He equally provides financial advice and support to the management to enable them to make sound financial decisions. A financial manager will produce cash-flow statements, direct investment activities, design profit projections, design long-term financial strategies and plans to ensure the going concern of the company. Ideally, the responsibilities and tasks of the financial manager will include: Preparing  and interpreting financial reports, monthly and annual financial accounts. Preparing, managing, and interpreting... In conclusion, the author's find that job analysis is a very fundamental part in the hiring process, because clear understanding of job analysis ensures that the managers can establish the observable tasks and activities as well as identify specific job responsibilities. Additionally, job analysis promotes assessment and selection decisions, which help in identifying the best person for the job. Aspects like the recruitment and section plan, job description, training and development, and performance evaluation rely on the manager’s knowledge on job analysis. This paper approves that training is a very fundamental aspect in financial management, and financial managers should receive constant training as the financial market keeps changing. We experience constant changes in the financial world and the financial managers must attend trainings to equip themselves with the new dynamics in the financial sector. As such, even after attaining the relevant financial achievements and securing employment, many financial managers engage in financial management training which boosts their growth and performance. Subject to the significance of their responsibilities, the management facilitates the training of the financial managers. Such training may relate to the principles of insurance, accounting standards and principles, risk management, direct investments among other relevant topics. Banks, universities and other organizations perform financial management trainings.

Communications and integration management Essay

Communications and integration management - Essay Example The numbers have evidently supported the positive statement. However, the merger was also considered controversial due to how the merger was carried out, which involved the lost of 15,000 jobs, the release of 17 top executives from both parties, and investigations by United States SEC and European Commission (Shannon, 2001). Concerning the merger between HP and Compaq, there is notion saying that HP is simply making decisive moves that position them to win the market by offering more values to customers. For this reason, there are three suggestions on having successful merger: Keeping each company on segments they are experienced with, analyzing and addressing cultural issues, incorporating cultural cost in financial calculations, maintaining clear framework and transparent management Vision is the matter that companies imagine what they want to be. In achieving his vision, pros and contras will adorn companies as they grow. Sometimes, the principal difference between the owners or shareholders result in prolonged discussion that bring the company to the long-term success but disputes will render the company to break up, business separation or turnaround in the ownership. Meanwhile, there is also a case where shareholders decide to encourage the business growth through several schemes and step on them. In the event of growing business, shareholders should encourage the integration of whole business processes and applications from customer relationship management (CRM), financial applications to Human Resource and Sales Force Automation (SFA) to in order to smooth the development steps. This is imperative since in today's fierce competition, business should ensure that information in the business streams flawlessly, from marketing to selling and signing contract to invoicing and collecting revenues. Concerning the integration management, this paper will discuss the integration issues in a merger and acquisition between HP and Compaq. The reason of choosing this project is due to the interesting case emerged from the merger between two competing corporation in computer

Moving Image- Films Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Moving Image- Films - Research Paper Example The current outflow of talents from Mexico is as diverse as it is compelling. From the likes of actors such as Diego Luna and Gael Garcia Bernal who have received acclaim internationally through the movie â€Å"Y Tu Mama Tambien† (And Your Mother Too) to the breakthrough of directors Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu and Alfonso Cuaron and other prominent talents such as screenwriter and director Guillermo Arriaga. The contribution of Mexico to the world of film is more than notable. Quite possibly one of the most influential directos of all time, Luis Buà ±uel, who although was born in Spain worked for most of his life in France and Mexico. Known for his surrealist take into directing and as evident in his films, Buà ±uel was known for being an inspiration to other well-loved directors of all-time such as Alfred Hitchcock and Devid Cronenberg. His style is often attributed to an uncomplicated and elegant touch oscillating back and forth between its unusual intricacies (Walls, par. 3). Known as the film industry’s founder of the Surrealists, Buà ±uel won an Oscar for Best Foreign Film in 1972 for the movie The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie. He is also known for collaborating with another famous Spaniard Salvador Dali during the 1920’s. Although he scorned his previous works in comparison to the ones he made in France where he was provided with augmented budgets and an almost complete artistic freedom, the grit of his earlier works makes much for his compelling artistry. Later on in his career, his films had such an aura of complacency about them. Maybe this is due to the artist’s warranted comfort and contentment in his career (Walls, par.4-5). The year 1992 marked an enormous hit to the movie industry of Mexico. Seeing the slump of movie making, former president Carlos Salinas removed the limit on the prices of tickets, gave up control on government-owned theaters and completely opened the market to Hollywood films. Deregulation brought forth three adverse

Business technology 250 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business technology 250 - Assignment Example The NIC allows a computing device to connect to a particular network. The network controller provides the hardware and circuitry needed to relay messages on a particular type of data link layer standard. Of these standards Ethernet has gained significant popularity and is widely used across the globe. It is for this purpose Ethernet enabled NIC would be made use of (Posey 2006). Wireless access point (WAP): Wireless access point is basically a device that allows wireless devices such as Smartphones, tablet PCs and Laptops to gain access to wired networks via some standard (Enterasys 2013). Through access point a number of devices are able to use the services of a network without the use of additional wiring. A WLAN controller is used to help manage Wireless access points within an office or a particular area (Enterasys 2013). DSL (asymmetric digital subscriber line) Modem: ADSL technology enables the transmission of data at a faster rate than traditional modems. The transmission medi um in both types of modems is the same that is copper telephone lines. The frequencies used by ADSL are different from those that are used during a telephone call. A device known as DSL filter allows the division of a telephone connection for the purposes of ADSL services and voice calls (ANSI 1998). Switch: A network switch is a device that is used to connect two or more than two devices with each other. In some cases a switch is used to connect two different sections of a network (Kohlhepp 2000). Switches are mainly used in those network areas where great emphasis is placed on the performance of the network and its security. Some vendors of switches provide firewall protection and network intrusion detection along with the switch to enhance its performance (Kohlhepp 2000). Gateway: A gateway is a computational system that has the capability to link two different networks that make use of different communication protocol. A gateway can comprise of hardware components, software comp onents or a combination of both. Unlike the switch a gateway tends to operate at any layer of the OSI model. The layer at which the gateway operates depends on the type of protocol being used (Allen-Bradley 2013). VPN software: VPN software helps establish the process of tunneling. VPN tunneling is a technology that allows users to create and manage logical network connections (Bender 2010). Through tunneling packets that are created in a certain VPN are encoded with a certain carrier protocol which is decoded only at the receiving end. Through tunneling certain threats and attacks can be averted and the security of the network can be strengthened (Bender 2010). Architecture of the system: Architecture in computers refers to the process of designing the structure of a computer system, microprocessor or even a program of a system. The architecture that is required in the case scenario can be divided into three main blocks of network foundation, network services and user services. Net work foundation: Like the foundation of a building the network foundation is considered as a building block on which the infrastructure and the rest of the services rely on (Cisco 2012). The network foundation ensures that information is easily transported from one location to the other without any hindrance. The network foun

Organizational Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organizational Development - Assignment Example Advocates of TQM hold that the goal of customer satisfaction is achieved through top management commitment to creating an organizational climate that empowers employees and focuses all efforts on the goal of customer satisfaction. A positive relationship between leadership and commitment, and employee empowerment (leading to job satisfaction) with customer satisfaction is assumed. Both the trade and academic literatures on TQM suggest many different top leadership strategies and practices for empowering or involving employees in quality-related decision-making processes. However, few empirical studies, outside of the Malcolm Baldridge Award program, have been done to sufficiently document these relationships and to determine which of the many suggested strategies and practices are effective in bringing about the intended results (employee empowerment, job satisfaction, and superior customer satisfaction). The objective of this study is to provide empirical assessment of the assumed relationship between top management leadership and commitment, employee empowerment, job satisfaction, and customer satisfaction. ... Another objective is to provide empirical assessment for the TQM-based literature. Literature review In almost all of the TQM literature, employee involvement, empowerment, and top management leadership and commitment are identified as crucial elements of a successful TQM program (Bowen, Siehl, & Schneider, 1989; Brower, 1994; Camp, 1989; Deming, 1982; Mendelowitz, 1991; Roberts, 1994; Senge, 1994). Lawler (1994) referred to employee empowerment as one of the most important tenets of TQM. Thomas and Velthouse (1990) define empowerment "as intrinsic task motivation that manifests itself in four cognitions reflecting an individual's orientation to his or her work roles." By intrinsic task motivation, they mean "positively valued experiences that an individual derives directly from a task that produce motivation and satisfaction." The four cognitions they identified are meaningfulness, competence, impact, and choice. Meaningfulness is the value of the task goal or purpose in relation to the individual's own ideals or standards, and competence is the degree to which a person can perform task activities skillfully. Impact, on the other hand, is the degree to which behavior is seen as making a difference in terms of accomplishing the purpose of the task, while choice is the causal responsibility for a person's actions. A more operational-level and process-oriented definition of empowerment was offered by Bowen and Lawler (1992). They define empowerment "as sharing with front-line employees information about an organization's performance, information about rewards based on the organization's performance, knowledge that enables employees to understand and contribute to organizational performance, and giving

Coffee and Tea Essay Example for Free

Coffee and Tea Essay Coffee and tea have existed in the world for a long time. Hundreds of years ago, people who lived in South America started to produce coffee, but the earliest drink likes coffee was made by ancient Arabian. They thought it was a kind of medicine used for stomach. After the 15th century, coffee was spread to other countries such as Egypt and Ottoman Empire by Muslims who were back from Hajj, while in ancient China, Chinese people started to make tea about 3000 years ago. Because of nice environment and weather, the first part of tea plants was discovered in southwest China. After, drink tea became an important culture of Chinese people, and tea began to spread into countries near China. Coffee and tea are similar, but different in some specific area. First, coffee and tea are similar but different in population. People from all around the world like them. For example, British people used to drink a cup of tea with some snacks when they have a rest in the afternoon. Western people enjoy drinking black tea, and some of them mix it with milk to make milky tea. Likewise, most people like drinking coffee, for it often tastes good. In China, more and more people began to drink coffee, and some of whom want to taste better coffee like blue mountain coffee. However, although these two drinks are both popular around the world, coffee is still drunk most by western people, while the most quantity of tea is used in East Asia. People lived in China, Japan, and Korea regarded tea as the main drink. Second, coffee and tea are similar but different in function. Both coffee and tea can refresh people because there is a kind of chemical matter, which is caffeine in both of them. This chemical matter can be used for nerves to make a person feel awake and lively. Also, some experts said that black coffee and green tea can help a person lose weight. But, in contrast, tea has some more functions due to another kind of chemical matter which can’t be found in coffee. This chemical matter that named tea polyphenol whose ability is to relieve the effect that is made by poison. Finally, coffee and tea have similarity and difference in origination. Both of them are made from plants. Thousands of years ago, people lived in Africa planted coffee trees in succeed, and now, Brazil has the most coffee trees in the world. In south of China, there are a lot of terraced fields that grow tea trees. On the other hand, people use leaves from tea to make tea, while they use fruits from coffee plants to make coffee. To sum up, coffee and tea are similar in their population, function, and origination, while they are different of their use in different place, their different chemical matter, and their different material. I suggest that people should drink both coffee and tea so that they can be healthier.

Impact of Advertising Campaigns on Food Waste

Impact of Advertising Campaigns on Food Waste Alice Boucher   Ã‚   Would successful advertising and advertising campaigns see a decrease in food waste?       Abstract This dissertation proposal plans to investigate and explore the successful-ness of advertising within social and economical issues as well as environmental. Posing the question Would successful advertising see a decrease in food waste? Aims In one year alone, 50% of food thrown away comes from households in the UK, this accumulates to approximately 7 million tonnes whilst half of this is perfectly edible, this is becoming a vast social, cultural and ethical issues worldwide resulting in families wasting money as well as food, people being unable to afford to eat and also food bank crisis, therefore the main focus and aims of this dissertation will be the investigation, exploration and measurement of successful advertising and what impact advertising campaigns have on social, economic and environtmental problems, with food waste as the subject. To measure successful advertising the investigation in this dissertation will be in the form of creating an advertising campaign to raise public awareness and also create change. This will be produced in a form of photography and posters to create reactions and statistics doing so will also practice the fundamentals of successful advertising and if it works, how it does so. The proposed research topic of this dissertation is something considered of vast importance and discussed frequently within governing bodies, the reason for this is because not only is it a problem effecting the UK put the rest of the world to, as mentioned above it creates issues in social practice, economics and the environment, this is only going to get worse therefore this dissertation propose to inform people of how this could be changed. Literature Review For this proposed dissertation there are many different readings to be considered, below these are to split up into three different sections, Each of these concludes different aspects of this proposal outlining topics such as, Advertising Campaign technique and strategies, the dissertation subject, including facts and figures of food waste. Advertising, Marketing and campaign strategy and Techniques The Advertising Concept Book (Barry, 2008) This book includes different advertising techniques and design concepts enabling users to not only understand design concepts behind advertising, but also how to produce designs and advertisements themselves. Written by Pete Barry and Published by Thames Hudson, the key chapters to focus on and read into to move forwards with this dissertation are chapters 02 The Strategy outlining the thinking before the production of a design or advertisement, 04 The Campaign How and Why to produce a campaign and 09 Interactive This Negotiates how to incorporate an audience and response. This book will come in useful when producing a campaign in the final dissertation. The Fundamentals Of Creative Advertising (Burtenshaw, Mahon, Barfoot, 2006) Here Another book to be aware of again focus on practical steps into advertising with considerations of the fundamentals of advertising,   written by a combination of academics, Ken Burtenshaw, Nik Mahon and Caroline Barfoot. Chapters 1: The Media Options pg.12-64, gives an insight into different outlets for advertising and where to publish, this is especially helpful for production purposes on where and how to advertise and run a campaign and Chapter 2: publishes the debate on campaign planning and strategy pg.68-78, this will be useful when considering, clients, agency work and commissions, market research and campaign planning, for example a topic in the campaign cycle is where do we want to be this may be subject to discussion because depending on business, commission and client needs the outcome will differ, in comparison to this The Advertising Concept Book (Barry, 2008) pg.92 states that the two key compartments to understand is the origin of ideas and the function of the tagline with no mention of the target market. Ogilvy on Advertising (Ogilvy, 1995) The final literature recommendation for the advertising section on this dissertation is Ogilvy on advertising, opposed to the other two reading recommendations above, this literature is an introduction into the industry from and already existing advertising practitioner. The many passages in this book debate how modern advertising is generally no different to historic advertising and that the only major change was the invention of the TV One change that can be called major: television has emerged as the most potent medium for selling most products to follow this statement up Ogilvy added Meanwhile, most of the advertising techniques which worked when I wrote confessions of an advertising man still work today, consumers still by products whose advertising promises them value for money, beauty, nutrition, relief from sufferent and social status etc. Again in comparison to the other literature included, Ogilvy Addresses and Boasts how simple advertising still works efficiently and also advertising which Un-Sells products, this is relevant because you gain an insight into the bigger picture of advertising and campaigns rather than just the positives and it also comes from someone who made it in the industry. Reading on the topic of Food Waste The literature below includes reading on the dissertation proposal subject Carbon Footprint of Supermarket Food Waste (Scholz, Eriksson, and Strid, 2015) Written in 2015 by Eriksson Mattias, this article from an existing dissertation discusses alternate topics surrounding food waste, in this instance the subject is carbon footprint of supermarket food waste. The reason that this article is relevant to this dissertation proposal is because it is a very current article so any facts and figures surrounding the subject should be similar and also it gives a great insight into the subject such as defining food waste quoted here Food waste is any food, and inedible parts of food, removed from the food supply chain to be recovered or disposed of (including composted, crops ploughed in/not harvested, anaerobic digestion, bio-energy production, co-generation, incineration, disposal to sewer, landfill or discarded to sea). When producing research for this subject I also came across a significant amount of websites and other content to be used for reading, these all include information on, How social practices cause food waste generation (Leung, 2013) Consumer attitudes to food waste and food packaging (AlexWork, 2013) Identifying the barriers and opportunities for food waste prevention. (Lazell, 2014) Research Methodology When producing the official dissertation, the main research question will be whether an advertising would work successfully and if so, how? Producing this with the objective of a creating an advertising campaign addressing an environmental and economic issue of food waste.

Resume :: essays research papers

OBJECTIVE:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Motivated, a proven performer in retail sales management and operations for multiple industries. Record-setting sales leader skilled in coaching best practices and maximizing profits. Fast-track career progression and history of repeated rewards. Committed to providing an atmosphere of exceptional employee morale and impeccable customer service. Dedicated to achieving sales targets while providing excellent customer service. EXPERIENCE:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10/1999 - Present Footlocker Inc. Dearborn, MI   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Assistant Manager Manage day-to-day activities of sales floor with 1.9 million inventory and drive sales forward. Taking on responsibilities such as manager duties, open and closing procedures, dealing with prospective customers, sales, and handling merchandise. Also capable of scheduling for entire staff, meeting daily and monthly gains and goals, training other employees, hiring, supervising, dealing with an high quantity of inventory daily and also taking care of excessive paperwork daily. Selected contributions:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  *Store was ranked the #1 high volume store in entire league *Had contribulate in making the store a 1.9 million-dollar store for the entire year of 2004   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5/2003 - 9/2003 Kraft General Foods Battle Creek, MI Factory Worker Had the experience to work in a factory doing jobs such as cleaning and running machinery. (Summer help only) 5/2000 - 5/2003 Allstate Insurance Battle Creek, MI Secretary Dealing with Insurance and having responsilibilites such as taking payments, getting claims and quotes for insurance, answering phones, typing, filing, and greeting customers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   EDUCATION:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9/2001 - Present Wayne State University Detroit, MI   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pharmacy Major/Business Admin. Minor Focus on getting my Bachelor’s Degree in pharmacy. Later, go to graduate school and receive my Ph. D. Degree in pharmacy also. Also, working on getting my Associate’s Degree in Business Administration. 9/1997 - 6/2001 Battle Creek Central High School Battle Creek, MI A diploma received with general studies KEY SKILLS:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Merchandising, Service/Sales Incentive Programs, Strategic Planning, Record-Setting Retail Sales Growth, Fiscal Management, Loss Prevention Initiatives, Motivational Training, Supervision, Cost Control Strategies, and Customer service skills.

A Bat in the Wind :: Movie Script Film Creative Papers

A Bat in the Wind Assume you are a screenwriter in the year 2010. You have been commissioned to write a movie script about women's sports and current society. What is the theme? Who are the protagonists? What are the issues and how does the movie end? "A Bat in the Wind" Timeless themes of equality, truth and perseverance are presented in this heartwarming tale of one courageous softball player and the wiffle bat that she adored. It all begins one summer day shortly after Tegan's sixth birthday. The scene opens with the young girl enviously watching a group of children play wiffle ball in the park across the street from her grandmother's house. She furtively glances behind her at the kitchen entrance and listens to the sounds of lunch preparations while contemplating the distance to the door. With a determined look in her eye, she takes a shaky deep breath and dashes out to the park to join the game, all the while looking back and wondering what her grandma would say. She approaches the field and stands by the rusty fence behind the plate. One of the older girls – she looks about ten or twelve – spots Tegan and invites her to join in. The kids show her how to swing the bat and the pitcher starts to toss the ball in her direction; they l et her keep swinging until she hits one. When she does, the light wiffle ball catches the wind, floats high in the air, swirls around a bit, and lands two inches from Tegan's feet. After staring at the ball in wonder, she looks up and a slow smile spreads across her face. The other kids laugh and Tegan joins in with glee. The boy at first base looks at his watch and yells, "Hey, it's lunch time," causing all the wiffle ball players to scatter and race home in search of food. The girl that invited Tegan to play tells her to come back tomorrow in the morning to play a game with them and Tegan agrees with an enthusiastic nod of the head. She turns to run back for lunch, and sees her grandmother waiting by the fence. "Why didn't you tell me where you were going, Tegan? I couldn't find you in the house and I was worried." "I thought you'd be mad at me," the young girl cried. "For playing a game?

The Controversy Surrounding Multiple Personality Disorder Essay

The Controversy Surrounding Multiple Personality Disorder Multiple Personality Disorder is a condition that many people probably have not heard of. Among those who have heard of it, there are even less who actually know what it is. However, according to Piper (1997) there were about 6,000 cases diagnosed in North America alone in 1986. Some experts estimate that multiple personality disorder, or MPD, affects 5 to 10 percent of the population, or about 100 million people worldwide. For such a widespread disorder, the public's lack of knowledge about it is pretty shocking. One explanation for this lack of knowledge could be the fact that many people, fueled by the beliefs of many noted psychologists, do not believe the disorder even exists. Why do they believe this? To answer this question, one must first understand a little more about MPD itself. Although there is no clear, universally accepted definition of multiple personality disorder, one interpretation that most seem to agree on was stated by Piper: "Multiple personality disorder (MPD) is characterized by the presence of 'alter personalities' that periodically and unpredictably take control of the patient's body" (pg. xii). All who have been diagnosed with MPD have shown evidence of one or more alter personalities aside from the host personality. The 'host' is usually described as the personality that is in control the largest amount of time, or the personality that presents itself for treatment. This may sound confusing, but it is nothing compared to the many other aspects of MPD, such as what a personality is, what causes the onset of MPD, whether or not someone really has MPD, and what treatment methods are effective-all of which will be discussed. In ... ...tml False Memory Syndrome Foundation Compilation: Dr. Bennett Braun. (1995, September 1). Retrieved March 11, 2004 from http://www.fmsfonline.org/braun.html Hendrickson, G (2001, July 3). psychotherapy. Retrieved March 26, 2004 from http://health.discovery.com/diseasesandcond/encyclopedia/3092.html McHugh, P. Multiple Personality Disorder (Dissociative Identity Disorder). Retrieved March 11, 2004 from http://www.psycom.net/mchugh.html Piper, A. (1997). Hoax and Reality: The Bizarre World of Multiple Personality Disorder. Northvale, NJ: J. Aronson Reyes, A. (2001, July 2). multiple personality disorder. Retrieved March 10, 2004 from http://health.discovery.com/diseasesandcond/encyclopedia/2909.html Richmond, R. Multiple Personality Disorder/Dissociative Identity Disorder. (2003). Retrieved March 12, 2004 from http://www.guidetopsychology.com/mpd.htm

How Ge Is Disrupting Itself

How GE is disrupting itself? Executive summary Though having been launching products in emerging markets for few decades, GE’s leaders realized that it is vital to change their business model not only to reach their full potential growth but also for defensive reasons. Authors called the progress used to complete that task reverse innovation. Reverse innovation is all about decentralization and local market focus such as local based and managed market, which is believed to be able to make GE more successful in developing countries.However it is completely opposite to globalization that created unsolved conflicts between two strategies. In this article authors will reveal to us what GE did to overcome these conflicts. In the realization that emerging markets are very different to markets in developed countries, they realized the necessity of adjusting the business model to adapt to the new environments, which may lead to two core assumptions: * Emerging economics will largely e volve in the same way that wealthy economics did. Products that address developing countries, special needs can’t be sold in developed countries because they are not good enough to compete there. However research and analysis over India’s markets gave us the different results. It is reported that emerging market could develop even greater than in developed countries because of their great willingness to adopt new innovations. And on the contrary products that have been launched in emerging market could possibly create new markets in developed world.For deeper understanding, the conflict is not only about the strategy which make globalization successful might make reserve innovation impossible and in return. It also lies at the executives who are not familiar to the new markets. Being aware of the difficulty company has to face when changing long established structures and attitudes, however for the sake of opportunity of future growth, GE came out with new business mod el called Local Growth Team model (LGT). LGT and its five critical principles are xplained more clearly via example of launching compact ultrasound in China: * Shift power to where the growth is: give broader power to local authority to their executive leaders of GE in China. * Build new offerings from the ground up: start with new architecture which is to shift hardware form to software form in order to make it easier to carry. * Building LGTs from the ground up, like new companies: rewrite completely new value chain such as local recruiting, target customers as the dealers etc. * Customize objectives, targets, and metrics: learning by testing and experiments. Have the LGT report to someone high in the organization to maintain the strong support from the top and to mediate conflicts between the team and the global business. Overall the biggest challenge of GE is mentioned about is to change the mind-set of managers who have spent their careers excelling at globalization. Personal a rguments People have been talking about globalization for whole decades, and now we are introduced to a new definition of the vital business model of future: Reserve innovation together with the rising of Asia in 12st century.Being aware of it and learning how to deal with it is skills and mind-set each manager has to have to compete in global market in future. One interesting thing is that GE considered reserve innovation as future strategy for a long term goals. The idea of changing business model when needed to create value at large, especially when it is applied globally, might create the advantage of competitiveness for GE in globalization in future.However for near future, LGT doesn’t mention how we can actually adjust the cooperation to run the new strategy (LGT only concerned about strategy of production, technology and marketing). As authors pointed out in the article globalization is so â€Å"dominant† today because it has worked well in the past. However it might depend on which industry and how easily the division/brand/product or company globalizes. The question is which the reverse innovation model would be most appropriately for them to do to accomplish the long-term and the short-term.

Comparison of Three European Sports Cars Essay

Background of the Study When people see these three luxury cars, they immediately think â€Å"wow† luxurious. more often than not, though, that’s usually followed by, â€Å"but would you choose it over any of the europeans and all over the world?† In all honestly, i’d thought about it a few times, and still wasn’t sold on this car. however, experiencing this three luxury cars can change ones mind, just like that. this massive car has presence and possesses without exuding arrogance. whether it’s standing still or on the road, it commands attention without asking for it. People often say that men experiencing midlife crisis buy luxury cars as attempt to hold on the last vestiges of youth and virility slipping from their hands, i believe the luxury cars fills that need nicely , it’s powerful and fast enough to get the hearth racing, the electronic nannies are smart enough to protect most drives from the consequence of stupid driving. This study attempt to compare the effectiveness of luxury cars to ordinary cars. and the characteristics of the cars to save our life. in fact, if this were a contest to turn heads. we might as well as well pack up now and call it a day, because the involuntary rubber necking that the causes it a public health hazard. According to TopGear Magazine (2011), Three supercars,1687 horses, 63.5 million big ones-and all of that extravagance in one place at the same instant. And according to ( Topgear ), Mr, Dinzo Tabamo (Mercedes Motors) The Mercedes’s AMG division makes some of the most powerful cars in the world, but the SLS (engine) is something new-the first Mercedes truly mix it up with blue blooded exotic machinery. According to (Topgear), Mr JV Colayco (Ferrari Motors Manager) The latest’ entry level’ Ferrari is also the most potent and well rounded car from Maranello ( Another type of Ferrari). It has achieved top honors in almost every compare around the globe. According to (Topgear), Mr, Dairy Darilag (Lamboghini Motors) A veteran of many battles, the Gallardo gets an exciting refresh in the LP570-4 (Lamborghini Engine). The LP570-4 means something about the Lamborghini. And the Superleggera means superlight but powerful. The Supperleggera is track oriented. Comparison Of Three European Sports Cars ; Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG, Ferrari 458 ITALIA, Lamborghini Gallardo LP570-4 SUPERLEGGERA Statement of the Problem This research aims to differentiate the luxury cars compare to ordinary cars AND what are the benefits you will gain to save and prolong our lives This research seeks to answers the following questions: 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of buying luxury cars? 2. In CASE of accidents what are the features than can save the lives of the drivers? 3. What are the differences of the three cars engines? Comparison Of Three European Sports Cars ; Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG, Ferrari 458 ITALIA, Lamborghini Gallardo LP570-4 SUPERLEGGERA Theoretical Framework Hypothesis There are many advantages of buying luxury cars and many features that can help to prevent accidents. Assumption Mercedes Benz SLS AMG – The Mercedes Benz SLS AMG Feels Special And Bespoke, But Still Retains A Certain Benz-ness. Ferrari 458 ITALIA- No other flappy paddle systems today feels more alert than the on in the 458 italia. Lamborghini Gallardo LP570-40 SuperLeggera – The Gallardo Has a Heavier Feel than the 458, But It’s More Docile Than AMG. Comparison Of Three European Sports Cars; Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG, Ferrari 458 ITALIA, Lamborghini Gallardo LP570-4 SUPERLEGGERA Significance of the study The findings of the study will be beneficial of the following: Old people – the car is equipped with a very cool automated backup and parallel parking system feature called the advanced parking guidance system. It allows the car to steer into preselected parking spaces. Government – â€Å" those who have in life should have more in law† was the social-justice principle popularized by president ramon magsaysay in the 1950’s. Simply said. Those who can afford a luxury car must also afford to pay a corresponding luxury tax, the belied is conspicuous spending on luxury goods or services for the primary purpose of displaying income and wealth, or of attaining all maintaining social status, carries the responsibility to feed the lifeblood of the government by paying taxes.

Audiences are not only entertained Essay

For centuries, drama has acted as a mirror for culture and society. Through the power of dramatic form, we have been invited to be entertained yet also engaged in the social concerns, which can both be provocative and surprising. Both ‘Stolen’ by Jane Harrison and ‘A Beautiful Life’ by Michael Futcher and Helen Howard address contemporary social concerns and issues in Australian society. Stolen employs dramatic styles, techniques and conventions to portray the social issues caused by the stolen generation. On the other hand, A Beautiful Life again employs dramatic styles, techniques and conventions to portray the unforgettable story of a refugee family who escaped the hardships of Tehran Jail, only to find themselves suffering racism and injustice in the High Court of Australia. Stolen addresses the Stolen Generation and the social concerns surrounding the impact of individuals and the Indigenous community. Harrison splits up the action between five diverse characters, tracing their independent stories from childhood to adulthood. We have the sexually and physically abused (Ruby); the hopeful turned hopeless (Jimmy); the stolen child who in turn has her children stolen from her (Shirley), the lost (Sandy) and the ‘black’ girl in a ‘white’ man’s world (Anne). In a workshop of the opening scene, ‘Arriving’ (pg. 1) in which the characters speak in the ‘stream of conscious style’ the difference in what each actor produced to portray their particular character was very noticeable. Harrison’s use of a wide breadth of characters is effective in reflecting the broad spectrum of social concerns the Stolen Generation faced: physical, sexual and mental abuse, ‘I promised not to tell’ (Ruby: pg. 8); high suicide and depression rates, ‘I can’t fight’ (Jimmy: pg. 34); cultural loss, ‘Who do you think you are?’ (Voices: 29); loss of belonging, ‘Always on the run’ (Sandy: pg. 3) and loss of family, ‘This time I’m going to hold my baby and never let go’ (Shirley: 2). Stolen uses absurdist techniques, including a non-linear and episodic plot  structure and undefined place and time to convey the disconnection and lost culture that has resulted within the Indigenous community as a result of the Stolen Generation. The dialogue closely follows the conventions of spoken language creating a sense of realism to the audience, to emphasis the fact that these events did happen and cannot be reversed. One of the most typical techniques with Stolen is the use of monologues. The experiences of each child are portrayed through these monologues – the delivery indicates how these experiences are traumatic and a fundamental part of their psyche that is not easily spoken about through normal conversation. Through a class workshop I was able to watch a class mate act Jimmy’s monologue ‘Racist Insults'(pg. 33-34). I found this scene particularly engaging because we are not only watching a young man end his life, but we watch a fraction of how our ‘White Australians’ treated the Indigenous. The audience gets a first hand view of the racism and abuse copped by most Indigenous Australians, this scene shines a direct light on the hardships we put forward onto our Indigenous and why a whole culture is missing from our nation. While Stolen deals with how we treat our Indigenous, A Beautiful Life cover the social issues surrounding refugees and the ignorance of Australian people regarding human rights. This play covers the period when 5000 Mojahedin freedom fighters were killed by Iran’s government regime. The play interweaves the experiences of Hamid: his torture in jail in Tehran and witnessing human rights abuses before making a dramatic escape to Australia; and his arrest and trial following a protest outside of the Iranian Embassy in Canberra in 1992. Hamid, his wife Jhila and their son Amir – who represent refugee culture – are represented in the court by Australian lawyers Brendon O’Sullivan and Stephanie James. Both present the Australian culture as being ignorant ‘bloody Arabs’ (pg. 21), racist ‘a bunch of Muslim fanatics’ (pg. 7) and stereotypical ‘ranting bloody slogans to Allah’ (pg. 7). Futcher and Howard emphasis the un-empathetic nature, stereotypical and racist culture of Australians through Stephanie and Brendan. Amir (Hamid’s son) makes the perfect narrator as he grows and develops through the play from a young Iranian boy into a 20 year old Iranian/Australian who can believable comment on both countries. The character of Amir has humour ‘She’s Irish, she can get really angry’ (pg. 41), compassion, ‘It’s all  right, Mum’ (pg.11) and a desire to tell the story of his Iranian/Australian family, ‘What about the Boltons, Dad? (pg. 13). Brechtian techniques such as the used of a non-linear and episodic storyline, as well as historification and the breaking of the forth wall (through Amir) give insight into contrasting cultures and systems of justice. The use of performance styles, such as physical theatre, engage the audience so that the play has heighten reality: allowing the audience to follow Hamid, through the racism, prejudice and his lack of human rights. The use of dramatic dialogue allows the characters in A Beautiful Life, persuade, argue, threaten, provoke and inspire the audience. Language techniques include the use of the Farsi accent or clipped tone to lend authenticity to the Iranian feel of the text and of course to show the reactions of ‘Australians’ – represented by Brendan and Stephanie – when the characters speak their mother tongue. I first encountered the use of the accent when acting the character of Jhila in _SCENE FIVE,_ I feel as an actor that use of accent does add authenticity and a sense of realism throughout the scenes making it easier for the audience to connect with the character rather than the actor. Through the power of dramatic form, we have been invited to be entertained yet also engage in the social concerns explored throughout Stolen and A Beautiful Life. Through the performance of scenes in workshop activities and in-depth study of both texts, I have come to understand the styles, form and conventions Harrison, Futcher and Howard use to convey their points of view. Whilst Stolen uses absurdism to portray the social issues caused by the stolen generation, A Beautiful Life uses Brechtian techniques to portray the unforgettable story of a refugee family who escaped the hardships of the pain and suffering caused by the Stolen Generation on both the personal and societal side Tehran Jail, only to find themselves suffering racism and injustice in the High Court of Australia. On a final note both composers worked well using dramatic forms, techniques and conventions to engage the audience to understand the social concerns explored in the plays.

Narrative style of the novel Essay

Comment on how the language contributes to the understanding of the character, plots, theme and narrative style of the novel Chapter 6 is presented to the audience entirely in the past with no hindsight. Once again it develops the plot showing the children developing closer to adulthood, yet still not quite there, not understanding the consequences of their actions : â€Å"was it you two? â€Å", â€Å"I look away†. The language from the passage in the hard back page 111 to 113 contributes to the understanding of the characters, plots, themes and narrative style of the novel. The section about the hierarchy in trees only further reinforces the naivety and stupidity to the character Stephen. Stephen has an obvious sense of hierarchy and in this case the â€Å"sour smell of the elders† and â€Å"its humiliating position at the very bottom of the hierarchy of trees†. This continues into the â€Å"familiar world† â€Å"out here at the end of the Lanes†, ie: the hierarchy of humans where the levels convey Stephen’s actual opinion of the concept of hierarchy and social status. This shows how immature Stephen is and however evident is his naivety. See more: what is a narrative essay In hindsight Frayn exposes the audience to the intentional irony of the â€Å"sliver framed heroes† at the highest to the lowest – â€Å"an old derelict taking refuge† who are the same person. Frayn has emphasised this hierarchy from the beginning. Stephen feels in triumph that for once he perceives himself higher than someone else in the â€Å"human precedence† and the language emphatically robusts this. This only reinforces that younger is obsessed with hierarchy – only after the discussion of hierarchy is there a sense of realisation. The language in this passage contributes the understanding in the theme of mystery and adventure. Stephen relies on this adventure to prove himself to Keith and in doing so show â€Å"Keith that he’s not the only one who can think of plans and projects†. The use of personal pronoun ‘I’ used more frequently than other times (7) conveys Stephen’s awareness that at this point in the adventure, wherein he can contribute, is a way he can gain approval of others even at the exploitation of the tramp. The passage for the first time shows an all time low in the adventure and â€Å"rain blows† as deliberate violence. This marks a key turning point in the plot as they have to fine some reason for their expedition as they have lost Mrs Hayward. The language used to describe the â€Å"old mans† feelings are just some of the feelings evoked that explain exactly what the boys have been doing bullying, and in doing so, the language also introduces the theme of memory. Frayn draws attention to this key theme by making older Stephen interrupt his story to remind the audience that the Stephen who was once a victim of bullying is now the perpetrator. This narrative style is a device that suggests implausibly that older Stephen is telling the story and also draws attention to memory as a concept and theme. Not only that, but it helps the reader understand that the reason â€Å"I (Stephen) throw down my iron bar†, is to reflect what Stephen knew at that point in time is that what he was doing was bullying. In this passage Frayns presents the language as a way of children going on to do adult things but without adult hindsight and therefore reminds the audience that they are still developing unable to foresee the consequences of their actions. The language is deceptively simple in style, but the passage in Chapter 6 shows a subtlety in language. From the beginning of the passage Stephen shows this middle class social ranking which leads him into his so called heroism that is particularly associated with middle class values. This duty he is estranged with towards Keith was particularly powerful conception in times of war and for Stephen it shows a development in his character and what he is prepared to do out of duty for Keith. Thus, Frayn cleverly uses linguistic devices and in this case exploits the language in order to contribute to the understanding of the characters, plot, themes and narrative style of the novel.

MCDONALDS Corp Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

MCDONALDS Corp - Research Paper Example McDonalds was established in the year 1955 by Ray Croc in USA as a retailer of snack foods like burgers. The company since then has grown by leaps and bounds with the company presently having its dedicated presence in about 118 diverse nations across the globe and an attractive product offering that includes famous products like Big Mac, Mc Nuggets, Quarter Pounders etc. McDonalds has about 33000 restaurants across the globe that provides the best experience at largely affordable price to the customers. McDonalds serves its customers through a dedicated employee base of over 1.7 million active employees who are determined to provide the best experience to the customers with a touch of excellence to satisfy the needs of the customers (McDonalds, 2011). The mission statement of the company is â€Å"be our customers favourite place and way to eat†. The company believes in creating a marketing mix that is essentially in line with the mission statement of the organization. McDonald s prepares a menu that is in tune with the market demands in an innovative manner that tends to satisfy the demands of the target market audience (McDonalds-b, 2011). The history of McDonalds began in the year 190 when the founder of the organization opened up a Bar-B-Que restaurant in California. This was essentially a drive in restaurants that provided snack items for individuals on the drive. However after a few years this restaurant was closed off an official McDonald’s restaurant brand was launched in 1955. The restaurant met with good success and eventually sold 100 million burgers by the end of the third year into the business. By the year 1963 there were about 500 restaurants operating under the McDonalds brand name. Subsequently the company went public in the year 1965 with IPO of 22.5 US dollars as the price of a share. After three years the company went about to launch the product Big Mac that is one

Financial alliance boots Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Financial alliance boots - Essay Example What do you think are some of the arguments that could be raised against this policy? The report will provide detailed calculations and will make sure that all assumptions are clearly stated and explained. To determine how effective are the value delivered to the shareholder we need to know whether the actual ratios generated are higher than the implied cost of capital. In other words there must be an evidence to tell that the wealth of the stockholders increased or maximized compared with those companies with are part of the FTSE 100 over the last three years. Please note that shareholder value means increased wealth for purposes of this finance paper since it is assumed that investors invest to increase wealth. The FTSE 100 Index shows â€Å"the 100 most highly capitalized companies listed on the London Stock Exchange,† (Forbes.com (2007), which certain requirements by the FTSE Group, such which include London Stock Exchange full listing with a Sterling or Euro dominated price, complying with certain tests on nationality, free float, and requirements for liquidity. The index is viewed as a barometer of success of the British economy (Guardian Unlimited, 2007) and it not actually a stock exchange. Being part therefore of the FTSE 100 is an indication of top performing companies in UK in terms of stock prices and the company must be doing well. Against therefore the standard which holds the company belonging to the index, how Alliance Boots does perform in delivering value to stockholders. Citing therefore the rates of Alliance Boots, we have the following information for the lasts three years below: Basing from the information above, in terms of delivered stockholder value, it could be deduced that the company is being well in terms of the high dividend yield at 4.2%, 4.8% and 4.8% for the last years ending March 31 of 2006, 2005 and 2004 respectively. Dividend per share was almost

IMPERFECT COMPETITION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IMPERFECT COMPETITION - Essay Example Generally, an imperfect competition market can be described as a market setting where the products sold are highly differentiated. In essence, in order to survive in an imperfect market, a firm has to develop unique survival techniques to avoid suffering losses and losing customers loyalty. Apparently, the fast food industry has become quite competitive in the modern times (Schlosser, 2012). In response to the increased competition, firms operating in fast foods industry have come up with distinguished survival strategies to enhance continuity in business. Some of the survival techniques that have been adopted by firms in the fast food industry include product differentiation, brand building and diversity in product promotion. In this regard, it can be observed that the tropical Smoothie Cafà © operates in an imperfect competition market. The price of products offered in an imperfect competition has insignificant influence on demand. Basically, customers in an imperfective competition market are more sensitive on product brand than price. Tropical Smoothie Cafà © has established unique marketing strategies that are rarely known by its competitors. Some of the major competitors of the firm include McDonalds, Starbucks and Burger King. Since the firm operates in an imperfect competition market, the most appropriate means of achieving market power is through establishment of a strong brand name (Manning, 2013). In essence, a strong brand name aids in winning customers loyalty and maintaining them for long. Actually, the firm should emphasis on brand imaging through advertisements and product promotion. In addition, the company should consider offering discounts to its customers to promote sales as well as customer loyalty. The government efforts to regulate business operation can either result in positive or negative outcome to a business concern. The issues of patent

Your Worst Job Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Your Worst Job - Essay Example However, when I started working, I came to realize that the job required one to work for 24 hours in a week. I wanted  to get enough money to meet my needs such as school fees and other miscellaneous expenses; thus  I decided to search for another job. I was also luck to get another one, which I worked for 9 hours a day in every weekend. However, the work was hectic, and it was far away from my hometown, the distance about three hours driving. The doctor could never understand the  need for  demanding extra hours especially in the weekend. This is because every time I could request him that I want to travel home earlier, but he could ask me in case I have another significant work at home. I felt nervous the first time the doctor started questioning me because I had already signed a lease on one of the doctor’s apartments, which was near to the place of work. This is because I was called at times by the doctor in order to help him in the office when there were many clients. So the doctor could question me in order to know the reasons, which  could make me to leave in a hurry every weekend to home but I always gave him excuses. Although the work was quite well at the beginning of the first week in both places of my work, the second week things started becoming different. The work in the doctor’s office was too much, and this made me work for long hours at times during the week days. The doctor could call me to write reports, arrange the files for patients and even make pay rolls for other employees. On the other hand, the rules in the other job were strict, and the office was quite different from that of the doctor’s office. This is because there were no cell phones in the office and the company never allowed any food in the work place. There were no incentives for working in the organization such as a free lunch or any other special gifts like Christmas or birthday gifts. However, my

Necessity for adaptation of flora and fauna of Galapagos; geological Essay

Necessity for adaptation of flora and fauna of Galapagos; geological formations, invasive species, numbers of species, % of species and calculating the effects - Essay Example Ever since this incredible land was discovered, it has captured the imagination of many. The unique and exotic inhabitants of the island have always mesmerized me. In this document I have endeavored to present an in-depth understanding of the ecosystem of the Galapagos Islands. By the end of this presentation you will have a clear idea about the ecosystem of the Islands and also about flora and the fauna that thrives there. I have documented the necessity for adaptation for the floral and the faunal populations of the islands, their interactions and adaptations. I shall also discuss about the geological formations, introduction and negative impacts of invasive species on the synchronized equilibrium of the Galapagos ecosystem. I consider myself qualified to present such an important documentation to you because, with the help of professional tour guides, I have gained a broad understanding of the culture of Ecuador and they provided me the chance of successfully immerging myself in to their culture. Experiencing the islands from such a close distance, my attention was immediately drawn towards its ecosystem and its plight which lured me to conduct an in-depth research on the issue. I gained a complete understanding of the ecosystem and the threat posed by the invasive species that have been introduced in the islands. I consider that it is necessary for me to share this information with my audience because of the simple fact that they need to understand that there are very fragile and sacred environments in this planet that are worth fighting for. The Galapagos have been a conceptual landmark since its discovery and continues to grant us insight into concepts of evolutionary biology. The true essence of these islands lies in their biodiversity which is under threat; however, researchers believe that Galapagos is standing at cross roads and though the degradation rate is increasing, but

Case Study International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case Study International Business - Essay Example int in time, the only way of achieving such a goal was to integrate with the market in the same way that IBM was operating within the domestic market. One of the main reasons for why this classical approach was no longer working for IBM as soon as the early 1990s had to do with the fact that the world was becoming increasingly globalized. In addition to the collapse of the Soviet Union, the interaction and integration between economies and business entities throughout the world had been on a dramatic increase; so much so that continuing to operate by the classical model with no longer yield the same level of profitability that IBM had been able to appreciate in the past. Naturally, in order to survive in this new climate change, IBM saw it necessary to integrate a more global Outlook. In much the same way that certain businesses fail due to the fact that they are not able to change with the times, IBM’s on the necessity of change and instantly integrated with it so that the risk of not changing could be ameliorated. The first and most obvious strategic advantage to IBM of globally integrating its strategy has to do with the fact that it will be able to take advantage of the unique aspects that certain markets exhibit. For instance, within China, a relatively low cost level of production has been established. By means of comparison and contrast, expertise and development has been created within India. By utilizing these unique realities within the global market, IBM’s strategy can be more closely honed to the expertise that it can draw from as well as the unique dynamics and demands of its consumer base. From an analysis of the framework, it is clear and apparent that IBM is wholeheartedly pursuing a level of diversification, change, globalization, and development. Even though the industry could clearly be categorized as an established firm that has been able to accrue a wide level of profitability from various consumers in the past, it understood the fact

Business Ethics Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Ethics - Article Example Provisions of the financial services reform law are being passed now as they are being worked out to fill parts of the law. The banks which provide the credit cards have been using the fees to supply a lucrative revenue source. Congressional leaders such as Rep. Barney Frank have been pressured by bank lobbyists to propose a delay to delay and revise the amendment. JPMorgan Chase Bank has said that if the bill, called the Durbin Amendment, would pass, it would have to cut such consumer benefits as the Disney Dream Reward Dollars. The amendment would now be revised or completely cut out the bill. 2. Who supports the extra fees? It's the banks who are currently not in good public favor. The reason they have the fees is in order to generate more income. Some reports have been written that if the fees were cut out or reduced the banks would then place fees on debit cards. In fact there is a big publication campaign expressing this very fact that debit card fees are about to be raised. Wh o is behind this campaign? Is it the banks? Why do the merchants not want this fee? For one thing it is a hidden charge. It is not on the sales receipt. Another thing is that it affects discounts the merchants would like to promote. Can one get clear information from the banks on this "transaction" fee? Not hardly. 3. What is the moral issue involved? The issue is that is it ethical for a bank to hide fees? It is clearly not.

Mabalacat Pampanga Essay Example for Free

Mabalacat Pampanga Essay Is a former municipality, the third city in Pampanga converted because of a referendum on July 21,2012. According to the last 2010 consensus, Mabalacat has a population of 215,610 people. Economy and Livelihood -Mabalacat is a major transportation hub here in Pampanga connecting NLEX, SCTEX , and the McArthur Hi-Way. -Mabalacat is a highly urbanized city. It consists of different business establishments. A lot of this includes iron works, ceramics, car accessories and different hotels and restaurants. -Mabalacat also gets some tax contributed income from the Clark Freeport Zone. -Delicacies include tocino del cielo and pastillas. Cultural Profiles: Festivals: Caragan Festival: This is a Festival in Mabalacat which the Mabalacat people celebrates its roots and ancestry and to honor the town’s first Aeta chieftain. City Fiesta: Every February 2, the city Fiesta is celebrated in honor of the statue of a Virgin Mary with a baby Jesus on her lap that was found by Cabezang Laureanas workers, This statue was presented to Caragan as a gift by Padre Maximilian Manuguid, the priest of early Mabalacat church. Customs -Mabalacat people are religious and diligent. They put the family time and church activities as one of their priorities. -Mabalacat people follow the holy week traditions carefully and still practices Penitensya.* *as cited by residents Traditions -Mabalacat people still follows pastorella, even though all other places in Pampanga have stopped celebrating it. -Mabalacat people majority still follow the â€Å"penitensya† during the Holy Week. -People of Mabalacat always spend quality time with each other especially family. -The People of Mabalacat has a family first kind of principle.* *as cited by Residents. Prominent Local Figures: Mayor MORALES, BOKINGVice-Mayor HALILI, CHRISTIANLydia de Vega a famous runnerMelanie Marquez is a former beauty queen and model who won the 1979 Miss International beauty pageant.Joey Marquez is an actor and politician.

The woods Essay Example for Free

The woods Essay Dont think about that kind of stuff, he warned himself. Youll freak out and run back to the house screaming, and everybody will call you a little wussbag. Sure they will. Itll be just like the time jerry Samson was dared to stay in his garage (which he suspiciously thought was haunted), and hed come out screaming and crying and saying hed seen a ghost in there. And the whole group had teased him for the next whole week. Just like jerry had thought his garage was haunted, Shaun thought these woods were haunted. Had thought so for quite some time. Something rustled in the trees above him. Oh no, he thought, please let it be the wind making the leaves do that. Shaun stopped, looked up. Nothing there. Just the tree branches. And a dangling arm. He had lowered his eyes and now he shot them back up to the branches. No, there was nothing there. Stupid imagination, Shaun thought, leave me alone. Something rustled in the trees above him once more. He looked straight back up. Still, nothing there. Damn it, why did I ever have to play stupid dares? Suddenly, Shaun wanted to be back in his house, under his warm blankets, with his mum and dad in the next room. Mum and dad. He wished that they were both out here with him, camping with him in their tent. But instead, they were inside the house back there, most likely asleep in their own warm bed, his dad snoring away. They thought he was over a friends house, because hed lied and told them that so he could do the dare. The other kids in the group did this often. They were never caught. Shaun wished he would get caught. That maybe his mum would get up and look out the back window and see him walking into the woods. No such luck. He looked up and was grabbed by a branch. The branches end had curved twigs fingers- and he was being thrown into a giant gaping mouth in the trees trunk, and being swallowed whole. Never go into the woods alone. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

An Analysis Of Holden Caulfield

An Analysis Of Holden Caulfield The mind of a teenager is a very complex organ that has various sections, each specifically designed to deal with an assortment of different problems which that person happens to be encountering. Although this very powerful organ is capable of handling a plethora of different tasks, it can fail when faced with plenty of problems in such a short amount of time. Thus, in order to determine what is wrong with an individual, one must study the events that would have the greatest toll on the human mind. In regards to the individual being a teenager, the different range of events is narrowed down even more. In The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield is notably affected by death, social rejection and abuse, and abandonment. Death is one of the worst events that an individual can experience and in Holdens case, death is very prevalent. The most impacting death that affects Holden is the death of his brother Allie. This is evident when Phoebe asks Holden to name just one thing he likes, to which he responds I like Allie. I said. And I like doing what Im doing right now. Sitting here with you, and talking, and thinking about stuff (Salinger 11). Holden constantly mentions how much he misses and loves Allie which lead the reader to interpret that Allies death changes Holden for the worst. From what Holden mentions to Phoebe, the reader can also see that he likes being able to discuss and let out all of the feelings he has been holding in. In addition, Holdens worry about what happens to the ducks and fish in Central Park during winter time shows how death has been a constant concern in his mind. His worry about death is also show when he mentions he wants to be a Catcher in the Rye to save the kids lives if they fall off the cliff. The society in which Holden lives in has a great affect on him, in that he feels alone and abused. From the very first chapter in this novel to the end, Holden is alone, watching others having fun. His unique personality makes him a socially awkward character, which is best seen in his encounter with the prostitute. Holden is also physically abused in this seen when he gets punched and later on in the novel by Mr. Anatoli. In Jenniffer Scuhuesslers article, she mentions that Holden would not have felt so alone if he were growing up today. After all, Mr. Salinger was writing long before the rise of a multibillion-dollar cultural-entertainment complex largely catering to the taste of teenage boys. This is true because during the mid-twentieth century, there was not exactly a norm for teenage boys to follow. Holdens case is even worse since he was constantly moving for a different school, never being able to actually settle down and blend in with other kids. From the first school Holden goes to he feels abandonment, whether it was by his parents or from the kids around him. The abandonment by Holden feels from his parents is so strong that the reader hears very little about them and when Holden does say something it is usually negative. Lisa Privtera agreement with this statement is shown when she says Family has failed Holden. That is, all except his ten-year-old sister, Phoebe. The constant rejections Holden experiences, whether it is by the phone or in person, are so dreadful that Holden can only interpret them to the other person being a phony. Towards the end of this novel, Holden basically gives up on trying to fight abandonment so he decides that he will live out in the West all alone as a deaf-mute. Death, social rejection, abuse, and abandonment take a heavy toll on Holden, especially since their effects occur in the span of eight years. His diagnosis can best relate to the post- traumatic stress disorder that soldiers face after returning from war due to the similarity in symptoms. The first symptom, frightened thoughts, is easily visible towards the end of the novel when Holden speaks to Allie because he is scared that he will disappear while crossing the street. The second symptom, hyper arousal, is present throughout the entire novel and is the cause for Holdens social rejection. In addition, he is always having trouble sleeping and is always in an angry mood. Lastly, indifference and avoidance are very prevalent as Holden is alone a significant amount of the novel in addition to the carelessness for his future.

Microsoft Hidden Files Essay example -- essays research papers

Introduction: There are folders on your computer that Microsoft has tried hard to keep secret. Within these folders you will find two major things: Microsoft Internet Explorer has been logging all of the sites you have ever visited -- even after you've cleared your history, and Microsoft's Outlook Express has been logging all of your e-mail correspondence -- even after you've erased them from your Deleted Items bin. (This also includes all incoming and outgoing file attachments.) And believe me, that's not even the half of it. When I say these files are hidden well, I really mean it. If you don't have any knowledge of DOS then don't plan on finding these files on your own. I say this because these files/folders won't be displayed in Windows Explorer at all -- only DOS. (Even after you have enabled Windows Explorer to "view all files.") And to top it off, the only way to find them in DOS is if you knew the exact location of them. Basically, what I'm saying is if you didn't know the files existed then the chances of you running across them is slim to slimmer. It's interesting to note that Microsoft does not explain this behavior adequately at all. Just try searching on microsoft.com.I know there are some people out there that are already aware of some of the things I mention. I also know that most people are not. The purpose of this tutorial is teach people what is really going on with Microsoft's products and how to take control of their privacy again. This tutorial was written by me, so if you see a mistake somewhere then it is my mistake, and I apologize. Thanks for reading. INDEX: 1) DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS 2) WHY YOU SHOULD ERASE THESE FILES 3) HOW TO ERASE THE FILES ASAP 3.1) If You Own Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.2) Clearing Your Registry 3.3) If You Own Outlook Express 3.4) Slack files 3.5) Keeping Microsoft's Products 4) STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE THROUGH YOUR HIDDEN FILES (For the savvy.) 1. DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS Well, the best definition I have been able to come up with is the following: I) A "really hidden" file/folder is one that cannot be seen in Windows Explorer after enabling it to "view all files," and cannot be seen in MS-DOS after receiving a proper directory listing from root. a) There is at least one loophole to enabling Windows Explorer to see ... ...de. ME users use a bootdisk.) Note that you must restart to DOS because windows has locked down some of the files and they can only be accessed in real DOS mode. 3) Type this in at prompt: CDWINDOWSTEMPOR~1CONTENT.IE5 CD %alphanumeric% (replace the "%alphanumeric%" with the first name that you just wrote down.) DIR/P The cache files you are now looking at are directly responsible for the mysterious erosion of HD space you may have been noticing. One thing particularly interesting is the ability to view some your old e-mail if you happen to have a hotmail account. (Oddly, I've only been able to retreive hotmail e-mail, and not e-mail from my other web-based e-mail accounts. Send me your experiences with this.) To see them for yourself you must first copy them into another directory and then open them with your browser. Don't ask me why this works. A note about these files: These are your cache files that help speed up your internet browsing. It is quite normal to use this cache system, as every major browser does. On the other hand. It isn't normal for some cache files to be left behined after you have instructed your browser to erase it.