Interventions and Organizations

With regards to changing an association it starts for each office and each circumstance of the business. Notwithstanding, as per our course reading Cummings (2013) Ninth Edition, an arranged change is coordinated by the pioneer and has an inseparable tie to the individuals, (cooperation). The whole partnership must be arranged and prepared for change. This includes the very structure of the organization. This will take a wide range of errand and the co-activities of all utilized or included. All together for the procedure to be effectively evolved associations need to deliver certain issues to work effectively.We need to follow the four interrelated issues that are the key focuses of the Organizational Development intercessions. Presently this task is too look into these four mediations, the main intercession is the Human Process Interventions: According to the content it is the human procedure intercessions which are planned for helping the individuals from the association to upgrad e their efficiency just as improve the manner in which they cooperate at individual and gathering levels, (Cummings, T. G. 2013). My information is fundamentally the same as; I accept the human perspectives are â€Å"Teamwork†.People will be cooperating for everyone's benefit of one another and the requirements of the association. This assists with changing or realign clashing issues that may happen inside the association that necessities to change the manner in which it runs. The main mediations are the Strategies issues: These sorts of intercessions are intended to change different qualities of association settings. This is the place the associations will choose what kind of business sectors they are contending with. When utilizing this progression it tends to be the most basic. In key issues you must know about the strategies for the environment.In different words you need to create who you rivalries are and how to stay aware of the earth. A portion of the sorts of mediati ons are applied for the most part in social change and key arranging and so on, (Cummings, T. G. 2013, p. 154). The subsequent intercession is the Techno-auxiliary issues: This includes breaking the works into different offices utilizing vital bearings, changing project centers around innovation and structure of associations. In other word, the points of techno-auxiliary intercessions are to improve the general execution of the association by changing the systems, innovation, activities, structures and roles.This may likewise include scaling back. These include the plan and worker inclusions, (Cummings, T. G. 2013, p. 155). The third intercession is the Human Resource Management issues: These issues are worried about drawing in capable individuals to the association, defining objectives for them, assessing and compensating their presentation and guaranteeing that they build up their vocations and oversee pressure. This change identifies with individual, relational relations, and gat hering dynamics.In different words, the points of human asset the board intercessions are to improve the authoritative execution by improving the presentation of people and gatherings inside the association. The reason for existing is to define targets or objectives, screen individuals by gathering input to guarantee successful execution, (Cummings, T. G. 2013, p. 155). The fourth is Human Resources Management: These intercessions are change programs that identifies with people, relational connections, and gathering elements. They endeavor to improve individual or gathering execution just as people’s working associations with each other in authoritative settings.In different words, the points of human asset the executives intercessions are to improve the hierarchical exhibition by improving the presentation of people and gatherings inside the association. The reason for existing is to define targets or objectives, screen them for input to guarantee powerful execution. These k inds of mediations are intended to change different attributes of representatives, advancements, items among others by concentrating on the organization’s cooperation with the outside condition, (Cummings, T. G. 2013, p. 421). Fundamentally, the whole procedure takes a whole group of people support.This task takes a chain of arranged activities from top initiative with full help of its workers to achieve. In this manner, intercessions are intended for association advancement and adequacy. When looking at the four stages I accept that every one of the four all extraordinary, however with regards to my assessment of the OD intercession the techno auxiliary would be my preferred advance, since it includes separating the association into parts and it includes the assistance of the all the representatives. As restrict to the initial step the Strategic issues I truly like this progression too on the grounds that it includes some analyst chip away at watching your environment.This i ncludes comprehending what your rivals are doing, their long stretches of activity, they limits thus considerably more. Anyway with regards to both of the human issues it includes individuals our preferred species. This issue includes everybody being a piece of a similar program and all on one accord. My maxim is, â€Å"People utilizing people†. The accomplishment of any mediation for association improvement consequently relies upon the capacity (aptitudes and information on) the authority and backing of the workers taking an interest all the while. Rousing and making all included really upbeat, carrying out their responsibilities.

Korean Unification Essay Example For Students

Korean Unification Essay ? Thoughts of the Korean Unification: Can They LearnFrom Germany’s Experience?IntroductionThe thought of this paper is to look into German Unification process with theoutlook for potential situations in Korea. By taking a gander at the likenesses and contrasts betweenthe circumstance in Germany and Korea. To do this I take a gander at the condition of the economies,recommendations toward strategy, the requirement for global help just as conceivable outcomes onhow to sort out the progress. In the event that the Republic of Korea and the Democratic People’s Republicof Korea are to converge as one joined nation, a few variables should be taken into question. I would like to welcome light on what it may take with the end goal for this to occur. With the finish of the Cold War and the vanishing of the East-West encounter, newchallenges request political administration all together that the rise of new aggravations andtensions be maintained a strategic distance from. Partitioned nations, for example, Germany and Korea were the encapsulation of thecold war time with its intense ideological divisions. German unification in 1989 was one of thecentral occasions of the procedure fixing the finish of the virus war. From that point forward, Germany hasundergone a procedure portrayed by positive, yet particularly additionally a variety of negativeexperiences. A progression of slip-ups was submitted during and after the German unificationprocess that caused avoidable agony and has enduring results which may not be defeated fordecades. The German experience may hold a few exercises for different nations. The Koreanpeninsula, for one, is as yet buried in a contention which mirrors the brutal ideological separation, uneveneconomic advanc ement and the development of threatening military powers, including nuclearcapabilities. Could Korean deadlock and showdown proceed? Will the separation of the Soviet Union, thedisappearance of its Communist Party, the resulting strategies towards the market economy, theeconomic changes in China and new conciliatory arrangements in the locale trigger Koreanunification? What are the exercises from the German experience? I will endeavor to reveal insight onthe these and various different issues related with the Korean unification process. Germany and Korea Similarities and Differences for UnificationWhile the unification of Germany was treated as a national issue, it really has and willcontinue to have significant universal ramifications. Germany became for the time being from acountry of about sixty million individuals to a country of eighty million. Germany today is one andhalf times the size of Britain, France or Italy.(Dept. Of State and Foreign Affairs) Although todayGermany has huge financial issues which will stay for at any rate the following 10 years, allof Germany’s neighbors accept that at long last Germany will prove to be the best monetarily. German unification has exhibited that the re-foundation of the solidarity of a nation evenafter an extensive stretch of division and troubles is conceivable and that unification can be accomplished ina law based, serene way. In any case, in spite of likenesses between the two cases, there may likewise bemany contrasts in regards to inner and outer viewpoints. Germany and Korea were both separated in the wake of World War II against thebackground of contention between industrialist West and the socialist East. In the two nations, thehope for reunification was thin during the Cold War time frame. In contrast to Germany, North and SouthKorea had battled a brutal war. The two Germanys, in contrast to the two Koreas, finished up asystem of settlements to regularize relations at the official level and to make sure about a small amount of civilcontacts and correspondences among the individuals. On the Korean promontory, North Korearemains right up 'til today a hermetically shut society. No data streams uncontrolled intothe nation, access to remote radio and transmissions is non-existent and no contact ispermitted with the outside world, not even the trading of letters. Travel both inside thecountry and abroad is dependent upon endorsement and guideline. Aside from the country’s pioneers andnomenklatura, all other North Koreans are ignora nt of advancements on the planet when all is said in done andthe social and monetary conditions in South Korea specifically. This star grouping is likely tomake any unification procedure in Korea loaded with the dangers of political and social flimsiness. There are likewise critical contrasts in the financial heavenly body between Germanyand Korea. The populace proportion among East and West Germany was 1:4, while for North andSouth Korea this proportion remains at 1:2. In 1997, North Korea is accepted to have encountered aneconomic decay of 3.7% and in 1998 of 5.2%. South Korea has kept on accomplishing rapideconomic development in the recent decades. This has achieved an ever-wideningincome hole. Today, the per capita pay of the South is at any rate multiple times the size of theNorth. This by itself will make financial reconciliation among North and South an exceedinglytough and complex undertaking. North Korean GDP per capita relates to some 16% of that ofSouth Korean, while East German GDP per capita remained at 25% of West Germany’s at the timeof unification. North Korea’s exchange volume remained at $ 4.7 billion US dollars in 1990 and $ 2.7billion in 1991. The decline came about because of a droop in imports. Sou th Korea’s exchange volumereached $ 153 billion US dollars in 1991. China and the previous Soviet Union accounted forsome 70% of North Korea’s exchange. Rather than deal or remuneration exchange courses of action of thepast, they presently request installment in hard monetary forms which North Korea needs. North Korea usedto import a huge number of barrels of oil yearly from the previous Soviet Union against coal and otherraw materials, however at present it gets just 40,000 barrels creating a vitality crunch withserious repercussions for mechanical creation and expectations for everyday comforts. The use of industrialcapacities has really fallen 40%. North Korean pioneers appear to be starting to open up theircountry to Western capital and innovation. Most speculations so far have come in the structure ofjoint adventure ventures with genius North Korean occupants living in Japan. (Flassbeck, Horn, 1996Chap. 4) Unlike East Germany, a unification of the two Koreas won't involve instant accessto new remote markets for both of the two given the nonappearance of an Asian regular market. Protectionism in the United States and Europe-Korea’s principle send out business sectors threatens to erodeKorea’s trade base and places South Korea in a helpless financial position. To help anyunification process later on, the global network in a perfect world would need to be moreaccommodating to Korea later on. However, given the current atmosphere in worldwide tradenegotiations, it is impossible that a brought together Korea would be conceded guaranteed access to the EuropeanCommon Market or the United States. Sympathy FOR THE SOULS WHO INHABIT HELL EssayManagement is absolutely critical, botch could carry catastrophe to allKoreans and another Korean War must be kept away from no matter what. The division of the countryshould be overseen so as not to dishearten the desire of the individuals and national agreement forunification. National reunification among North and South Korea is by all accounts an intra-national issue. However, to make conditions conductive for unification and for dependability on theKorean promontory and in North-East Asia involves global ramifications. An unexpected collapseof the North Korean system may open up the fringe on the Korean landmass short-term just asthe flood activated by the breakdown of the Berlin Wall in 1989. In the Germany case, theinfluence of the four powers particularly the Soviet Union was significant. For the situation ofKorea, the relations with neighboring forces hush up various. Korea is an exceptionally little countrycompared to its neighbo rs and has never undermined the security of the encompassing countries. Korea doesn't have to get a window of political open door as Germany did. It mighttherefore get ready for a progressively intentional pace to deal with the procedure of reunification. Korea should frame a union with the three significant forces it considers neighbors-Russia, China and Japan. The eventual fate of North Korea is connected to improvement in China. Theway in which the Chinese gander at the Korean promontory will be critical later on. The United States of America and the South-East Asian states can likewise be considered neighborsvis-a-vis the oceans. The four significant forces and the gathering of medium-sized powers in South-EastAsia ought to be considered as future monetary accomplices and be drawn closer as needs be. Koreashould likewise address itself to the limit with respect to furious rivalry between a future joined Koreaand propelled Japan organizations and ventures. Sixty million Koreans are not a request ofmagnitude to coordinate either the 150 million Russians or the 1 billion Chinese or the 120 millionJapanese. (Youthful Hwan Choi, 1996). However, an assembled Korea must be viewed as a main consideration inthe Far East and on the planet e conomy in general. Global Support Will Be Needed A unified and stable Korea isn't just in light of a legitimate concern for North-East Asia, however the world atlarge. To support unification, Korea would require significant global financial andfinancial support. While Japan is as yet recording immense yearly exchange until here as of late, its fellowglobal co-lender for a long time, Germany, is not, at this point an excess nation followingunification. Subsequently, the weight falling on Japan will unavoidably build adding to its presentlevels of advancement help and backing for the change of Eastern Europe. As North Korea is poor in foundation, for example, streets, harbors, railroads,communications and force supplies, monstrous ventures should be coordinated to these areasfollowing unification. Huge credits should be made sure about from the World Bank, the AsianDevelopment Bank and other universal monetary establishments. The progression of privateinvestme

Choosing Your Own Adventure

Choosing Your Own Adventure Thinking of living off campus? Maybe not, maybe you just want to read about it. If youre an incoming freshman or thinking of applying, this wont apply to you just yet anyway, since all freshman are required to live on campus for their first year. But, maybe youre thinking about it anyway, or just curious to see what its like. And lucky for you, Ive got the scoop. According to MIT, about 73 percent of undergraduates live in a dorm on campus, and about another 24 percent of students live in FSILGs,01 fraternities, sororities, and independent living groups which are mixed on-and-off campus. That leaves about 3 percent of people who just live elsewhere in non-MIT affiliated housing. Theres a lot of pros and cons to living off-campus,02 for the record, whenever i refer to off-campus from this point on, ill mostly be referring to living in not mit-affiliated housing which you can weigh differently depending on what youre looking for. But first, where do we begin? How to Get Housing Off Campus Finding housing can be a bit tricky. Luckily, theres a lot of MIT resources for finding housing. You can email them for help on signing leases, knowing your rights as a tenant, navigating the market, and more. Theres also a separate website they have that has local listings. I havent used these resources to find housing to be fair, but you can use things like Craigslist, Zillow, or even hiring a realtor. Rental properties for September leases usually go up around April/May, sometime earlier. You can also get July leases, but those are less common. It can be a stressful process, since theres so much competition vying for properties, especially the ones that actually decent. But, you get the added benefit of being able to stay for an entire year, or more, depending on your lease. The Good vs The Bad How do you know if living off-campus would be good for you? It really depends on what youre looking for out of school and your living experience. If youre looking to be around lots of people all the time and really want to feel a part of a larger community, maybe a dorm is a good place to stay for your time here. Many people stay in the dorms for their entire undergraduate careers. However, if youre seeking a bit more independence and separation of your school/work life, living off campus is a good option. Here is my list of pros and cons: The Pros: Separation between school and the rest of my life. Even though Im not far from the Institute, going home feels a bit like breaking out of the bubble. I can balance my life far better when Im not constantly surrounded by school, and other students who are constantly working. I dont have to live, breathe, work, cry, eat, and sleep at MIT, which allows me to mentally separate that part of my life from the rest. I do work when Im home,03 and i do some of those other things at mit but it feels more like Im working from home and less like this is my entire life. Its been hugely instrumental in making me feel like Im not drowning, and letting myself live a life not entirely shrouded by looming stress. Another pro for me has been the decreased amount of shared everything. Although I do live with 6 people in what is essentially a cooperative living situation,04 we equally share groceries and chores and other expenses it is a lot easier to manage with 7 than it is with, say, 50. Ive found that I can be really particular with my space, and that it can have pretty negative impacts on my mental health if theres a lot of chaos. In my home, theres just enough people that nothing ever feels too burdensome, but people mostly05 no ones perfect take responsibility over the space. Ive had to live through too many dirty kitchens and messy communal spaces to go through that again. And I know that coordination and cleanliness can be nigh impossible to manage with so many people, like in a dorm or living group that doesnt have maintenance staff. You get to feel a part of a different, broader community. Being at MIT, you never really feel like anything but an MIT student. Sure, I still am a student, but Im also a resident of Cambridge.06 its on my drivers license! Events happen around the city and for once I dont feel like an intruder or a tourist, but like someone who actually lives here. The feeling of independence I get. I can have overnight guests every day of the week, every day of the year. No one can force me to get a dining plan. I dont have to check my guests in. I can stay for the summer without applying again. I can have fire hazards all over my room.07 the huge banner covering up an entire wall of our living room? great! my collection of 10 candles? awesome! microwave in my bedroom? i wont, but i could I am absolutely free, except for what the things my landlord will find out and fine us for. Which leads me into the next list, the cons. The Cons: Bostons housing is notoriously expensive. If youre trying to live relatively close to campus, and in a home that isnt literally falling apart, you might have to spend a bit. When you factor in other costs that MIT normally covers (furniture, household items), it can come close to the cost of housing on campus. But, if youre smart, you can find something more affordable and comfortable for you. Unfortunately, when you trade in one set of rules to follow, you get another one in return. So, while its true I dont have to follow Institute rule, I do have to follow my landlords. This can be very variable in degree of outrageousness, from no smoking in the house08 reasonable to no more than 8 people allowed at a time (in a house that has 7 bedrooms).09 pretty unreasonable Living away from campus can be a con, if also a pro. While the separation is nice, you have to really commit to being at school because you cant just go home and grab things like if you lived in a dorm. Its all about the early morning checklist (notebooks? check. lunch? check. headphones? check.) Youre a lot more limited in customizing your space. This one is really based on frame of reference though; coming from a dorm that let you install your own hardwood veneer, drill into walls, paint murals, and pretty much install anything you wanted, suddenly not being able to was a shock. Most apartments wont let you make modifications to the walls or flooring, so my murals are limited to canvasses and papers that I pin up. Food Because I lived in a cook-for-yourself dorm previously, I kind of had the whole survival thing in the bag. But, I understand it can be daunting to sort of cut yourself off of the MIT lifeline. Unfortunately, since where you live off campus is so variable, theres no way to make a universal guide to food. Everything depends on your location, budget, and needs. But, I can at least talk about my experience. While I dont have a formal budget, I do try to limit my expenses as much as possible. Im nicely situated between Cambridges Inman, Central, and Harvard Squares, so I have a plethora of take-out and sit down options that I dont really take advantage of. But, living in this area also makes me much closer to what has to be the greatest supermarket I have ever encountered in Boston: Market Basket. It is huge, cheap, and very convenient to get to. My roommates and I have a communal grocery system in place, so around 1-2 times a week, we get a big haul of essential staples, and anything else people request in between. Usually, this comes out to around 20 dollars a week, and lasts for the whole week. Im a big fan of a system like this not just for affordability, but also for reducing food waste. Although, this isnt limited to living off-campus, and something you could definitely set up in a dorm or FSILG. I also live close to a Whole Foods and HMart, and Trader Joes isnt too far of a trek. I cook around 3-5 times a week, depending on how busy I get. Since I live a relatively short walk from campus, I usually walk back home to eat lunch if I have a 2-3 hour gap between classes. Its nice to get a break in the middle of the school day where I can truly relax and cook myself something nice. Even if it means I have slightly more work to do later (since I waste time walking to and from, and then cooking), I value that moment of respite, so Im going to keep doing it as long as its sustainable. Otherwise, on days when I just have half an hour to eat, I pack leftovers from the night before and eat it in my courses lounge. And remember, snap-sealed or screw-lid Tupperware is essential for any commute. You dont want to spill soup contents all over your backpack. Commuting My commute to school so far hasnt been bad. Thankfully, its only fall, and the weather is bearable, so I can get by just walking to class. Even though its only been a month, I walk using just muscle memory, so its like an extended 15 minute daydream where Im also tuning back out every once in a while to make sure I dont get hit by a car. But, maybe you dont live at my address, or walking isnt your favorite thing to do, or it gets really cold out, as it does in Boston. Then what? Lucky for you, there are a lot of other options! Since the semester has just started and the weather has been reasonable, I havent had to open my Mental Logbook of Options just yet, but Ive got it ready. So lets get into it. Public Transit First up, theres the MBTA.10 which stands for the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, or Bostons public transit system This system includes the T,11 the local subway system the busses, and even some trolleys here and there. MIT is pretty centrally located for a lot of public transit, including, but not limited to, the Ts Red Line via Kendall Square, and the 1 bus. Ive got a few options, too. I could walk a few blocks away and take the 64 or the 68 bus to Kendall, walk to Central Square and take the T or the 1 bus, or even take the 91 to Central Square to then  take the bus or the T, and more Im sure Im missing. It all may sound very intimidating, just numbers and routes that are hard to memorize all at once, but they are just as easy to get used to as remembering the numbers of every major or building at MIT. I like to use the Transit app to do the legwork of figuring out public transit for me. It works in every major city Ive been in, and is all around a great resource to have. All you do is put in the address youre starting from, where youre trying to go, and how you want to leave. You can set three options: if you want to leave now, if you want to leave at a specific time, or if you want to arrive by a specific time. So, if I was trying to go to MIT for a meeting at 3PM, Id put in the buildings address, say I want to get there by 2:55PM,12 i like to be a little on the earlier side and bam! It tells me all the different ways I can get there, how long each would take, and when I would need to leave the house. In addition to being a transit-integrated navigation system, Transit also just gives you so much information. You can see what busses and train stops are near you, and how long until the next one arrives, with regular live tracking. Itll warn you if a route is changed due to construction, or seasonal schedules, or for anything else. You can even see the locations of Blue Bike stations nearby, and how many bikes are available to use at each. I also used it when I was traveling in Montreal, and it made navigating the French-Canadian public transportation a breeze! I could rave about this for hours, but it has seriously saved me from so much pain of having to learn Boston bus routes, and Ive used significantly less rideshare apps since downloading it. MIT will also subsidize 50 percent of any monthly T-pass card, which is a huge save if you are going to be regularly commuting. You can purchase them by the month, or save even more by purchasing a semesters worth at once. This T pass can cover just buses, the bus and the subway, the commuter rail plus the bus and subway, and more. This is also a great option even when youre not commuting; its a lot easier to be motivated to explore the Greater Boston area outside of MIT when you have unlimited rides within the city. MIT Shuttles MIT also has a few shuttle services: a campus TechShuttle that drives around campus during the week, a daytime Boston shuttle that drives from campus to Back Bay, an area where a lot of MITs off-campus fraternities and sororities live, and a nighttime shuttle service that routes to locations in Boston, Cambridge, and Somerville. All of these services are free for students. Because I live in Cambridge, the most effective way to me to get to campus during the day would be to use public transportation available. But, Im sure that as the days get colder and the nights come earlier, Ill be using the SafeRide shuttle service to get home, since it drops off right near me. Biking/Skateboarding/Rollerblading/etc Biking is also a very popular option for students who live off campus, for ease and cost. I personally dont like biking in cities, but Ive had roommates who would bike or skateboard to MIT as their form of personal commute, and it seems efficient! Even now, though none of my roommates are currently students at MIT, some of them still bike to get to their jobs now. Boston and Cambridge both seem to be pretty bike friendly in comparison to a lot of other cities. Much like with the T-pass, MIT also offers a subsidized Blue Bike membership, if youre looking to bike without having to deal with the purchase/maintenance/storage that comes with owning a bike. Walking Like I mentioned before, I mostly walk. I love walking. Even when I worked in Somerville, I trucked along rain or shine or snow, walking along. Its my personal favorite form of getting anywhere in Boston,13 given, its within 1.5 hrs and the weather is alright and I like that it gets me moving, even if its only for about a cumulative 45 minutes a day. Its also totally free, doesnt involve any waiting,14 except for traffic lights and I like seeing the sights around the city while I do it. Now that its getting colder, Ive brought out my gloves and sweaters and thicker jackets to prepare for my walks. To be honest, Ill probably be walking to class until the temperatures reach below freezing, if I even stop then. But, who knows until it comes? So now, are you ready to spend a few minutes in my shoes? Heres a Choose-Your-Own-Adventure styled game where you can simulate it, down to the minute details. Try and choose your own path, and try not to look ahead at different sections. Cool? Or, if you just want to skip to my final thoughts, click here. Right now, say its 9:10 AM. You have a 9:30 AM class in Building 5. Can you make it to class on time? Lets start off easy, do you want to listen to music on your walk? Heres two, short playlists of things Ive been listening to lately, you can choose whatever, or just choose to listen to the sounds of the city, if thats more your thing. If one of these sounds good to you, or would rather walk in silence, click here. Keep reading if you want to keep looking. You keep looking for more music, uninspired by the options presented to you before. Maybe some older hits will resonate more with you. Regardless of how you feel, you realize youre taking too long to decide this, and you really should get going. You could listen to whatever, endlessly skipping through until Spotify recommends something better. Or, you forgo music altogether, ready to listen to the wonderful sounds of the world. (3 minutes) Keep reading to start walking. Finally, you leave the house. You walk down your street, with its uneven sidewalks and trees that seem to swallow the path you follow. Autumn has just begun, so leaves begin to litter the ground. If you chose to walk in silence, you can hear them crunch under your shoes. a sidewalk surrounded by trees, and a close up of leaves An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next You reach the familiar juncture between your street and Broadway. You know the way to MIT is left, but you can cross the street and walk on the opposite side, just to get a different view. To cross now, click here. To stay on this side and just turn left, keep reading. You stayed on your side of the street, and just turned left. Good choice, that crosswalk can get kind of scary with cars zooming in from the left and right.  The first thing you notice on your side as you walk along is a tribal rug store. At this particular rug store, every day is a sale, somehow. Some are hung up along the brick facade with worn out signs with percentages pinned to them. With the front door open, you take a quick glance inside the sprawling space, a wide room with low ceilings and carpets rolled up in every corner. It smells like well, it smells like carpets. You know where to go whenever your trusty carpet finally gives in. a picture of carpets hanging on the wall Further down, you pass by a restaurant that you didnt realize was a restaurant for ages. The facade is a simple and unassuming; white brick with the name in black. Above, there are apartments. A version of their menu (apparently they rotate every few weeks, only using seasonal vegetables and other ingredients) hangs in the small, rectangular window. Its hard to tell whats going on in there, and youve never been inside. a picture of the restaurant, bondir Ahead, the street becomes pretty residential on this side, but you can see whats across the street; architecture firms and corner stores and even what looks like a community garden. Theres a building on this side under construction, so as you walk down the street, you get to a point where youre under scaffolding. On particularly hot or rainy days, its nice to have the extra protection from the sun or rain. Plus, depending on the time, the light filtering through the end of the tunnel looks very beautiful. a picture of the scaffolding tunnel, and a close up of a light in the tunnel An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next Now, youre at Windsor Street. You have two options: turn right on Windsor Street, or keep going down Broadway. Both routes will take you to MIT, but which one will get you closer to where you need to be? To turn right on Windsor, click here, and add (1 minute) as you wait for the light to cross. To keep going down Broadway, click here. You cross the street before turning left.  Youre gonna have to turn right eventually,  so might as well be on the right side early. As you walk, you start to take in some of the familiar scenery. The first notable thing you pass is a Montessori School (the first of many). On some mornings, you can see a chain of very young children in Safety Yellow vests being herded into the small building. Today is not one of those mornings. The next thing you walk by is the local plant store. With windows that go up to the ceiling, and white interiors contrasted with bright green plants in every corner, this place looks straight out of a catalog. a sign that says aloe there! we are open and a picture of the plant store An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next Next, is your local craft brewery slash breakfast taco place.  Since its still relatively warm out, their front facing wall is open, letting the sounds of people chatting come through in the air (that is, if you can even hear them). Some of the people look busy and sip their coffees. And, even though youve walked by here hundreds of times, youre always surprised at how even at 9AM on a weekday, theres always at least one person drinking a beer, laptop in front of them. The sour smell of beer wafts through the air. a sign that says Metric Systems Just a few steps ahead, you notice a dog sitting by the large, industrial barrels! Youve seen him there on occasion, other times at different businesses on this street. You dont really know who he belongs to. To keep walking, click here. To take a picture of the dog, keep reading. You fumble to take your phone out of your pocket, accidentally dropping it onto the sidewalk. No worries, youve got a pretty hefty case, so theres no damage. You pick it up again, resume what you were listening to, and take a picture of the dog. (1 minute) a picture of the dog among beer barrels Keep reading to continue along. You keep walking down Broadway, smiling to yourself as you remember the dog. You pass by more familiar sights; the Dry Cleaning place where you can see the owner busily sewing away from the window, the corner store that you havent been in once, and the barber shop that always has people chatting up front. Even more ahead, theres a community garden to your right, and the ever recognizable brick building with its huge white lettering. a close up of the barber shop logo, and the building that reads Squirrel Brand Company An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next You keep walking. Now, theres an elementary school you pass by every day. The first thing you see is the giant abacus they have installed in the front (or is it the back? you cant really tell), that you wonder if anyones ever used. a picture of a giant abacus You now reach Windsor Street. You can either turn right here, or keep going down Broadway. Both will take you to MIT, but will they take you where you want to go? To turn on Windsor, click here. To keep going down Broadway, keep reading. You keep going down Broadway.  This is the most straightforward path there, so you can just mindlessly walk forward without thinking too hard about where youre going. As you walk along, you notice the most vibrantly magenta house youve ever seen. It almost seems to glow surrounded by whites and beiges and pops of green. You can only wonder about the people who live in here, and the kind of courage it must take to decide to paint your home in a color that always stands out. a picture of the magenta house, with a close up of leaves An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next Ahead and to your right is a Dunkin Donuts. The smell of coffee, hot chocolates, and frozen donuts being thawed makes your mouth water. You try to blink away your last remainders of sleepiness, but they fight back. Do you go in and buy something sweet for a jolt of energy? To keep walking, click here. To go in and buy something, keep reading. You go into the Dunkin to buy something. You really need that last boost, and you promise to yourself that youll be quick about it. There are two people in line in front of you, and you know this shouldnt take long. You peruse the options on the menu while you wait, and one of the people in front of you pays for their order and moves to wait for it. The next person in line starts no, it cant be, not now. Not when youre pressed for time. You know as soon as you hear the words pumps and multiple numbers being thrown around that youre in for it: the overly complicated coffee order. With a heavily modified breakfast sandwich thrown in.   You didnt even know such modifications were possible at a Dunkin Donuts. You cant afford to waste any more time here, but youd be damned if you didnt at least get something after having already waited. They finally finish ordering, and you basically throw your credit card and yell your order as soon as you reach the register. They give it to you and you run out the store, almost forgetting to grab your card. (4 minutes) You keep walking, and you feel the anxiety of being late start to wash over you. Not that its that big of a deal, but you hate the feeling of interrupting a lecture thats already started. Your stride is quick and steady, so you shouldnt be walking for much longer. The area around you becomes much less residential as you keep going, the buildings getting taller and taller as you go along. Youre close to Kendall Square. a photo of a little free library- a box filled with box that passerbys can just grab or add to You pass by another coffee shop, a local Boston chain. Immediately after, you reach the Garment District, a used clothing shop that sells a seriously wild amount of colorfully patterned button-ups. You can also get some clothing for 2 dollars per pound (1 on Fridays!) here, it just requires a bit of digging. Soon enough, you cross the railroad tracks and youre in the Kendall area, surrounded by tech companies, and the occasional building owned by MIT. You turn right on Ames Street, and you can finally see where youre going just ahead. In just a few yards, youll be on MITs campus at last. a picture of railroad tracks, and a geometric building An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next But uh oh! Youve made a mistake. Youre on the East Side of campus now, but Building 5 is all the way by Lobby 7, on Mass Ave. You quicken your pace now, and wind through Building 66 into Building 56 into Building 16 and climb the stairs up to reach the Infinite Corridor. You stride through here, dashing between people as you hurry along. Finally, you reach Lobby 7, and you are just steps away from class. (25 minutes) Click here to see if you made it on time. You turn right on Windsor.  Immediately, you notice the sidewalk is painted with differently colored animal tracks of some sort. As you walk along the elementary school, you approach a sign that explains it. Can you run like a cougar? it reads, and you take a look at the blue cougar prints again. Theyre pretty far apart, so no, you dont think you can run like a cougar. a picture of colored paw prints on the sidewalk, and a sign that says animal tracks: wow! lets check out these cougar tracks! An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next Soon enough, youre besides the schools playground, where, depending on the time of day, you can hear children screaming as they play. You reminisce about the concept of recess, and the joy of being a child with not a significant care in the world. The memory makes you feel old. You keep walking. Up ahead is an authentic Puerto Rican restaurant, Izzys, one of Cambridges gems. The smell of food drifting out of their windows is magical and makes you loathe your simple breakfast. At this place, you can get some amazing slow roasted pork with rice and beans, or empanadas, or plantains, and more. This part of Cambridge is known as The Port, and theres street art up ahead to show it. a picture of Izzys restaurant, and the Port mural that is on the street An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next Youve got a steady rhythm of walking by now, glancing at things as you go by but not stopping for too long. Theres the clinic on your right, the plaza to your left, and homes all the way in between. This one door stands out to you, contrasted against the incredibly worn out building. a picture of a geometric light in front of a home, and a worn out door with a sign that says love on it An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next You keep walking along, either jamming to whatever song is playing now, or listening to the sounds of Cambridge come alive. You reach Main Street, which hosts a few different restaurants (Royal East, Cuchi Cuchi, Bertuccis, Craigie on Main, to name a few), but you keep going straight down Windsor. As soon as you cross Main, you can smell chocolate in the air coming straight from the Tootsie Roll Factory on your left. A few blocks down (and a few business later), you finally reach Massachusetts Avenue. MIT is just to your left, so you turn left and keep going, not stopping to check the time. Flour Bakery is on your right, filled with people grabbing coffee before their classes or jobs. On your left are two fast casual restaurants that you havent bothered to check out yet. Finally, you cross Albany Street, and everything ahead of you is the familiar campus of MIT. The Student Center, Building 9, and at last, Lobby 7. You climb up the steps and head inside. Building 5 is right off of Lobby 7, so you are just steps away. You arrive to your class quickly. (20 minutes) Keep reading to see if you made it on time. Typical MIT classes start 5 minutes after theyre technically scheduled, so you should be in class by 9:35AM. Total up all of the minutes you saw on your path, and add it to 9:10AM, your starting point. Did you make it to class on time? Start Over? All in all, I love living off campus. Not only did it feel like the natural progression, since I was coming off of two years of work and going back to school, but it helps me balance my life in the ways I want to. Plus, it means I still get to live with my friends whove graduated, instead of having to meet a whole new group of people in a hall. I still feel like I get the benefits of being in a dorm, since we all still feel a sense (if small) of community. Its just nice to be able to tune out every once in a while. fraternities, sororities, and independent living groups back to text ? for the record, whenever i refer to off-campus from this point on, i'll mostly be referring to living in not mit-affiliated housing back to text ? and i do some of those other things at mit back to text ? we equally share groceries and chores and other expenses back to text ? no one's perfect back to text ? it's on my driver's license! back to text ? the huge banner covering up an entire wall of our living room? great! my collection of 10 candles? awesome! microwave in my bedroom? i won't, but i could back to text ? reasonable back to text ? pretty unreasonable back to text ? which stands for the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, or Boston's public transit system back to text ? the local subway system back to text ? i like to be a little on the earlier side back to text ? given, it's within 1.5 hrs and the weather is alright back to text ? except for traffic lights back to text ?

50 Topics for Impromptu Student Speeches

For the many people who break out in a sweat at the very idea of speaking in front of an audience, the prospect of speaking on an unknown topic with little to no preparation is likely terrifying. But you dont have to be afraid of impromptu speeches. As it turns out, the secret even to off-the-cuff speeches is preparation. Impromptu Speech Tips Decide on your topicCome up with three supportive statements related to your topicPrepare a strong conclusion Use this list of impromptu speech topics to practice making a quick speech outline in your head. For each of the topics below, just think of three main points youd like to make. For example, if your speech topic is Your least favorite chores, you could quickly come up with three statements: I dont know anybody who likes to fold laundry, so the first task on my list of unhappy chores is folding laundry.Taking out the trash is another chore that most people dread, and Im no different.The worst chore in the entire household has to be cleaning the toilet. If you go into your speech with these statements in your head, you can spend the rest of your time thinking up supporting statements as you speak. When youve identified your three main points, think of a great finishing statement. If you end with a great closer, youll really impress your audience. Start Practicing With This List My three favorite animals.What you would find in my closet. Make something up.What youd find under my bed.The best letter of the alphabet.Why your mom/dad is special.A day that stands out.The best surprise ever.I lost it!If I had a million dollars to give away.If cats/dogs ruled the world.A trip to remember.My favorite day of the year.If I could only eat three foods forever.If I could design a school.Why books are important.Three surprising facts about me.How to impress your parents.How to plan a party.A job Id love to have.A day in my life.If I could have dinner with anyone.If I could travel through time.My favorite book.An important lesson Ive learned.What Ive learned from cartoons.The smartest cartoon character.Three things Id change if I ruled the world.Why sports are important.The worst chores at home.Why I deserve an allowance.If I were in charge of school lunches.If I had invented school.The best theme park rides.Whom do you admire most?What is your favorite animal?How to achi eve your dreams.Why you need a baby brother.How to annoy an older sister.How to save money.Three things that scare me.Great things about snow days.Things you can make out of snow.How to spend a rainy day.How to walk a dog.Great things about the ocean.Things Ill never eat.How to be a slacker.Why I like my town.The best parts of a parade.Interesting things you see in the sky.Things to remember when youre camping.An experience with a bully.

Self-Discovery - 2530 Words

Self-discovery Throughout one’s lifetime changes in a person’s views toward life are inevitable. Those changes can be seen as either positive or negative based on the experiences a person goes through. Some changes are seen as internal while others are seen as external. For instance, in Monkey by Wu Cheng-en and Candide by Francois-Marie Arouet De Voltaire, both authors are using their characters to portray self-discovery by having them go through a series of obstacles. As a result the characters changed their attitude toward life through the many obstacles that they had to undergo. Self-discovery is an essential part of a person’s life which can be seen internally or externally through a person’s characteristics and†¦show more content†¦In the end when he finds out that Cunegonde is ugly, he still goes to search for her â€Å"†¦go search out Cunegonde on the shores of Propontis, however ugly she might be† (Voltaire, 574). This shows ext ernal changes in Candide’s character, and it shows that he still wants to fulfill his promise to marry Cunegonde. By the end of the story we can see that Candide has learned the true meaning of life through his experiences on this journey and he now has his own views and opinions towards the world. However, after all of his experiences on this journey, â€Å"Candide still doesn’t understand the key to happiness† (www.associatedcontent.com). At the beginning he followed the beliefs of Pangloss, even after he realized that the world doesn’t work like the philosopher once said it did and he lets go of those beliefs, he ignorantly throws his trust into the beliefs of another person. Candide discovers the Turks truth to life, â€Å"†¦and the work keeps us from three great evils, boredom, vice and poverty†¦I know†¦that we must cultivate our garden† (Voltaire, 580). Even though he now knows what to do now in order to reach a state of happin ess, which is people working together, he isn’t willing to change internally because he’s still holding on to the same essence of life and doesn’t show any beliefs of his own. Changing his philosophical belief from following Pangloss to following the TurkShow MoreRelatedThe Journey Of Self Discovery1932 Words   |  8 Pagesthe path of self discovery? The journey of self discovery is a journey that most people take at some point during their life, whether it is very early in life or rather late in life. In the novels, Billy Lynn s Long Halftime Walk by Ben Fountain, Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison, and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald the three protagonists have all undergone a journey on the path of self discovery. These journey range in length, depth, and significance just as these self discovery journeys varyRead MoreThe Pursuit Of Self Discovery1012 Words   |  5 Pagesof my own ordinary situations to be seized momentarily whilst I let mind be fre e and my own imagination wander. The pursuit of self-discovery is present within many forms of literature and can be told through plots and central characters. I often discover new societal universal longings that arise from the novels pages which encourages me to reflect on my own sense of self. The unique interpretations and individual thoughts made by readers allows for a diverse range of reactions to literature. ItRead MoreSelf Discovery In Anita Nairs Ladiesbor1330 Words   |  6 PagesThe paper intends to explore the theme of self discovery through the act of journey in Anita Nair’s Ladies Coupe. Travel narratives are broad genres which illuminate mainly on people, place and culture. Journeys form the focal point of every travel narrative. In literature, the motif of journey is used as a distinctive idea or theme and is used to represent a character’s epiphany or self realization. It provides a personal assertion outside the compressed state of one’s li fe. Journey is seen as aRead MoreSelf-Discovery: Who Am I? Essay4271 Words   |  18 Pagesquestion is the heart of the quest for the Self. This is a quest which may take a lifetime, sometimes longer, to fulfill. One path, of self-discovery, is when people turn to their surroundings in their search. In turning to their surroundings, people are able to see their Selves by the things around them. In observing the surroundings, people may, not only, find their Selves, but establish their Selves. This path, however, is not the only way people search for the Self. Another path is when people turn toRead MoreSelf discovery787 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Ã¢â‚¬Å"I Need To Be Myself, I Can’t Be Anyone Else.† â€Å"I was born to be true and not to be perfect,† Epey said in his speech. Epey is the winner of the trending segment in It’s Showtime – That’s My Tomboy. In this segment, they (lesbians) let me, the madlang people and the world to see their worth as a lesbian and as a human. They also made me believe that all of us can be accepted in the society beyond our imperfections, because no matter how imperfect we are, there are still things that we must be proudRead MoreKnowing Self and Self Discovery1011 Words   |  5 PagesKnowing Self This semester, I had the privilege to experience unrestricted creativity in a structured writing class. Now, as I reflect upon the semester I come to realize how closed minded I really am. This semester, I was challenged as a student writer to draw upon something or find inspiration from within to constructively create a masterpiece with words. Often times, finding or even tapping into my creative nerve was very difficult. Then I came to realize, as a student writer, I am paralyzed byRead MoreEssay on Self-Actualization and Self-Discovery752 Words   |  4 Pagescreation, but the very second we are born it is our job to find out who we are. Life is described by some to be an epic journey of self-discovery and actualization, and that’s exactly what it is. Self-actualization is the term used to describe how individuals go their whole lives trying to reach their full potential. Now, what does this mean to an individual? Being self-actualized means that an individual knows who th ey are and what they want and what they were made for, and generally this notion isRead MoreThe Pursuit Of Self Discovery2522 Words   |  11 Pagesmez Dr. McCollister ENGL 3314 April 4, 2015 The Pursuit of Self-Discovery: A Psychoanalytic look at The Picture of Dorian Gray When one hears the title The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde a flash of Faustian images such as villains, tragedy, and worldly pleasures might come to mind. The reader might recall Lord Henry Wotton as the Mephistophelian presence of the novel, and his epigram that â€Å"All influence is immoral†¦because to influence a person is to give him one s own soul† (Wilde 19-20)Read MoreJanies Self-Discovery Essay1481 Words   |  6 Pagesblack communities and families. It also examines different issues such as, gender and class and these issues bring forth the theme of voice. In Janie’s attempt to find herself, she grows into a stronger woman through three marriages. Janie’s first discovery about herself comes when she is a child. She is around the age of six when she realizes that she is colored. Janie’s confusion about her race is based on the reasoning that all her peers and the kids she grows up with are white. Janie and her NannyRead MoreMy Journey Into Self Discovery1035 Words   |  5 Pageshopes of finding some powerful words of wisdom, you took a wrong turn. After 41 years, I find myself with even more questions and all the wrong answers. I am not here to enlighten or educate anyone. I m here to talk, to share my journey into self-discovery. So here s an overview of my life up to now. I was born in Barstow, California to a free-spirited, free-thinking, multi-talented artist father and a breath-taking, tragic beauty of a mother. Neither one should have ever had a child, but both

Raisin In The Sun Critical Analysis - 1243 Words

Imagine, for a moment, that someone has just received an enormous check. However, this positive and seemingly heaven-sent bestowal is laced with dismay and mayhem, for there are numerous outcomes this check could produce--not all of which are accomplishable. Meanwhile, said person’s family is being torn asunder by all of these possible outcomes since each is persistently continuing to pester and demand the person who received the check to use it in the way that each of the family members personally believe. It is always a burdensome choice, whether to consider an individual, the majority, or the minorities, yet this is the dilemma thrust upon one woman in Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry. In writing this impossible circumstance†¦show more content†¦Accentuating the lack of passion and common courtesy Walter has for his wife, Ruth, in this particular scene, Hansberry is, in the beginning, ingraining in her readers’ minds how detestably this man treats his wife. However, this absolute disregard for his wife is completely transformed after Mama, the woman who is burdened with the dilemma, decides to satisfy the needs of the majority and purchases a house which will be advantageous for everyone, whether they were pleased with the decision or not. His whole being appears to convert into its polar opposite, as shown through the stage direction, He dances over to Ruth and tries to get her to dance with him. She gives in at last to his raunchiness and in a fit of giggles allows herself to be drawn into his mood (112). The author illustrates how his actions and mentality, thus their relationship, evolved over a short period resulting from the purchase of the house, which was originally intended to appease the majority, since not everyone initially approved of this use of the money. Therefore, this altering of mindset and relationship conveys that, by selecting the choice best-suited for the majority, one may unknowingly be selecting an option that becomes best-suited for everyone and that is eventually unanimously agreed upon. In addition to this, it it always best to comply with the needs of the majority since the majority may also include what isShow MoreRelatedThe Last Critic That Will Be Evaluated844 Words   |  4 Pages The last critic that will be evaluated is Margaret B. Wilkerson. During the time that her critical study was composed, Margaret B. Wilkerson was the Director of the UC Berkeley Center for the Study, Education, and Advancement of Women. Wilkerson critical analysis is titled A Raisin in the Sun: Anniversary of an American Classic. Wilkerson’s critical analysis discusses the â€Å"various social, historical, and artistic factors that have contributed to the play’s contemporary relevance and popularityRead MoreA Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry2035 Words   |  8 PagesLorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun is a remarkable play written in 1959 by an African American author about an African American family. This time period was in the early days of the mo dern awakening of civil rights awareness. It was a timely play challenging the then current stereotypical view of a black family by depicting a realistic portrayal of a specific black family with aspirations, hopes, dreams, dignity, and ambition as would be expected from all families regardless of race. TheRead MoreComparison of Oedipus Rex and a Raisin in the Sun Essay1874 Words   |  8 Pagesthe world. Oedipus Rex (King Oedipus) brings out the worst fate any society can think of, as it deals with the societal taboo of incest. So deep is the taboo, that a mental condition in psychology has been named as the â€Å"Oedipus Rex Complex†! Analysis of the work. Oedipus Rex is an Athenian tragedy that was first performed 429 BCE. I have found pride and integrity in this play. Oedipus the king thought highly about himself and in his pride, thought himself above everyone. And said to the peopleRead MoreThe Freedom Writers And Romeo And Juliet905 Words   |  4 Pageswe read Lord Of the Flies and Of Mice and Men among other books were we would always have an easy question followed by an essay. In both of these classes helped me develop structure called tieac which stands for topic, intro to evidence, evidence, analysis, and conclusion. Both my freshmen teachers helped me develop this structure for my essays. Our essays had to be typed in 12 inch font but we didn t have an official format that we had to go by. Sophomore year I had the same English 9 teacher forRead MoreTupac Shakur: A Brief Life Story1779 Words   |  7 Pagesprison after trying to help his sister escape prison. When Shakur was only 12 years he starred in the play â€Å"A R aisin in the Sun† he was a boy named Travis Younger and he also got the chance to preform it at the famous Apollo Theater in Manhattan, New York. In order to understand why Tupac Shakur is and American cultured icon, one need to have a description of his background a critical analysis of his moral behavior and his impact and importance in American music. A couple of years later he and hisRead MoreLangston Hughes: A Poet Supreme Essay1879 Words   |  8 Pagesreading of Hughess poetry and although a large body of critical work already exists, I would like to focus on one piece by Hughes to evidence my case for his stature. That piece is the multipart, book-lenght poem Montage of a Dream Deferred (1951). In Montage, which Hughes described in a letter to Arna Bontemps as what you might call a precedent shattering opus-also could be known as a tour de force, Hughes addresses a number of critical problems facing black poetry: (1) how to affect a modernRead MoreStrategic Sourcing5376 Words   |  22 Pages | |Milk |UK, farmer-run company. | |Raisins |Turkey, a family-owned Turkish processing plant near Izmir, which buys its raisins from around 1,000 small| | |farmers | | | Read MorePorter Five Force Analysis of Indian Food Processing Industry9734 Words   |  39 PagesPorter’s five force analysis of food processing industry | MARKETING STRATEGY | HITESH VAVAIYA | Table of Contents Acknowledgement 3 Introduction of Report 3 Research Objective 4 Introduction of Food Processing Industry 4 The History of Food Processing Industry 4 Supply chain of food processing industry and factor affecting each activity 5 Agriculture 5 Food processing 5 Indian Food Processing Industry 7 History of food processing Industry in India 7 Current Market Overview 9 IndianRead MoreHow to Write a Research Paper11497 Words   |  46 PagesAssociation Encyclopedia of Medicine. New York: Random, 1989. A work from an anthology: Calvino, Italo. Cybernetics and Ghosts. The Uses of Literature: Essays. Trans. Patrick Creagh. San Diego: Harcourt, 1982. 3-27. Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. Black Theater: A Twentieth-Century Collect- ion of the Work of its Best Playwrights. Ed. Lindsay Patterson. New York: Dodd, 1971. 221-76. The Bible. King James ed. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1990. Encyclopedias: Unsigned encyclopedia article: Read MoreKellogg Annual Report50191 Words   |  201 PagesDePenDAble 11 Leadership Financials/Form 10-K Brands and Trademarks 1 Selected Financial Data 12 Financial Statements 27 â„ ¢ strength of the â„ ¢ Table of ConTenTs 4 Financial Highlights 6 Letter to Shareowners Management’s Discussion Analysis 13 Notes to Financial Statements 31 Shareowner Information and â„ ¢ PeRFoRmAnCe â„ ¢ FoR moRe thAn A CentuRy, Kellogg Company has been dedicated to producing great-tasting, high-quality, nutritious foods that consumers around the world

Ky history Essay Example For Students

Ky history Essay DALLAS (AP) At an extraordinary meeting on the sex scandal that has shaken the Roman Catholic church, U.S. bishops took a step toward a zero-tolerance policy for pedophile priests after scrapping a proposal that would have kept some abusive clergy in the ministry. Bishops met in a closed-door session until late Thursday as they crafted a plan that Catholic leaders hope will end a crisis that has seen the dismissal or resignation of 250 accused priests since January. Four bishops have also stepped down. Final legislation was to be approved Friday progress considered unprecedented for a church that often debates issues for years. AP/L.M. Otero 17KLast weeks initial draft proposed that a priest who abused one minor in the past could be reassigned to a parish, though only if he underwent counseling, was examined by a review board, agreed to supervision and publicly disclosed his misconduct. Future acts of molestation would mean expulsion an idea expected to be retained Friday. Cardinal Francis George of Chicago said the two-strikes-and-youre-out language is unacceptable. That sounds as if you can do it once and no one would pay attention to you. Archbishop Harry Flynn of St. Paul and Minneapolis, head of the drafting committee, indicated this left two options: Strict zero tolerance ousting any priest found guilty of abuse or a slightly less strict policy of the sort advocated by Cardinal Theodore McCarrick of Washington, D. C. McCarrick has suggested allowing some older men guilty of one past misdeed to remain technically in the priesthood but living in close confinement, kept out of parishes and barred from celebrating public Masses. Bishops open abuse conferenceWindows Media RealVideo Thursdays meeting came after a highly dramatic opening in which Bishop Wilton Gregory, president of the United States Conference of Bishops, bluntly acknowledged that bishops mistakes helped cause the scandal. While Gregory has repeatedly apologized for the bishops role in the crisis, his remarks Thursday were perhaps his most direct yet. We are the ones who chose not to report the criminal actions of priests to the authorities, because the law did not require this, he said. We are the ones who worried more about the possibility of scandal than in bringing about the kind of openness that helps prevent abuse. Bishops also heard victims tell how pain permeated their lives. Michael Bland of Chicago told of joining the priesthood but leaving after trying to persuade church leaders to take action against his molester. A look at the hierarchy and history of the Roman Catholic Church The priesthood lost me but kept the perpetrator, said Bland, a psychologist who works with victims in the Chicago Archdiocese. Gregory once again told victims he was sorry for the pain they suffered, and further asked forgiveness from the faithful priests whose reputations have been marred by the misconduct of a few. He also asked bishops who were guilty of abuse to turn themselves in to Vatican authorities. One of the leaders hardest hit by scandal, Bostons Cardinal Bernard Law, had plans to apologize to his fellow prelates, said his spokeswoman, Donna Morrisssey. The national crisis began when Boston court documents revealed Law allowed a pedophile priest to continue to serve. Outside the hotel where the meeting was being held, about 50 people protested the churchs handling of abuse cases. AP/Eric Gay 19KAbout 150 people later attended an evening prayer service that started with the song Healing River. An opening prayer included the line fill the hearts of your faithful people gathered here and the hearts of our bishops gathered in earnest deliberation. After the bishops approve a reform policy Friday, they plan to take up a second document, listing norms or key provisions that affect church law in America. These require Vatican approval to become binding on all U.S. dioceses since each bishop answers to Rome, not the bishops conference. .ub521ccc920983ea4f7532416e8f73501 , .ub521ccc920983ea4f7532416e8f73501 .postImageUrl , .ub521ccc920983ea4f7532416e8f73501 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub521ccc920983ea4f7532416e8f73501 , .ub521ccc920983ea4f7532416e8f73501:hover , .ub521ccc920983ea4f7532416e8f73501:visited , .ub521ccc920983ea4f7532416e8f73501:active { border:0!important; } .ub521ccc920983ea4f7532416e8f73501 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub521ccc920983ea4f7532416e8f73501 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub521ccc920983ea4f7532416e8f73501:active , .ub521ccc920983ea4f7532416e8f73501:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub521ccc920983ea4f7532416e8f73501 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub521ccc920983ea4f7532416e8f73501 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub521ccc920983ea4f7532416e8f73501 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub521ccc920983ea4f7532416e8f73501 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub521ccc920983ea4f7532416e8f73501:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub521ccc920983ea4f7532416e8f73501 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub521ccc920983ea4f7532416e8f73501 .ub521ccc920983ea4f7532416e8f73501-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub521ccc920983ea4f7532416e8f73501:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Economic View Of Slavery Essay Otherwise, the policy would remain a mere gentlemens agreement. Flynn said there was no time this week to prepare a third document that would spell out details on ousting priests. That will wait until the bishops November meeting, he said. Victims and independent caucuses meeting here have pressed for a further, radical demand that U. S. church leaders lobby Rome to remove bishops who kept abusive clergy on duty while ignoring warnings. There seemed little prospect that Fridays final document would endorse that idea. All of the nearly 400 retired and active bishops in the United States are invited to this weeks conference, but only the active prelates who number around 285 can vote on the policy. On the Net: U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops: http://www.usccb.org

Iago In Shakespeares Othello Essays (891 words) - Othello, Fiction

Iago in Shakespeare's Othello Iago in Shakespeare's Othello Perhaps the most interesting and exotic character in the tragic play "Othello," by William Shakespeare, is "Honest" Iago. Through some carefully thought-out words and actions, Iago is able to manipulate others to do things in a way that benefits him and moves him closer toward his goals. He is the main driving force in this play, pushing Othello and everyone else towards their tragic end. Iago is not your ordinary villain. The role he plays is rather unique and complex, far from what one might expect. Iago is smart. He is an expert judge of people and their characters and uses this to his advantage. For example, he knows Roderigo is in love with Desdemona and figures that he would do anything to have her as his own. Iago says about Roderigo, "Thus do I ever make my fool my purse." [Act I, Scene III, Line 355] By playing on his hopes, Iago is able to swindle money and jewels from Roderigo, making himself a substantial profit, while using Roderigo to forward his other goals. He also thinks quick on his feet and is able to improvise whenever something unexpected occurs. When Cassio takes hold of Desdemona's hand before the arrival of the Moor Othello, Iago says, "With as little a web as this will I ensnare as great a fly as Cassio." [Act II, Scene I, Line 163] His cunning and craftiness make him a truly dastardly villain indeed. Being as smart as he is, Iago is quick to recognize the advantages of trust and uses it as a tool to forward his purposes. Throughout the story he is commonly known as, and commonly called, "Honest Iago." He even says of himself, "I am an honest man...." [Act II, Scene III, Line 245] Trust is a very powerful emotion that is easily abused. Othello, "holds [him] well;/The better shall [Iago's] purpose work on him." [pg. 1244, Line 362] Iago is a master of abuse in this case turning people's trust in him into tools to forward his own goals. His "med'cine works! Thus credulous fools are caught...." [pg. 1284, Line 44] Iago slowly poisons people's thoughts, creating ideas in their heads without implicating himself. "And what's he then that says I play the villain, when this advice is free I give, and honest," [Act II, Scene III, Line 299] says Iago, the master of deception. And thus, people rarely stop to consider the possibility that old Iago could be deceiving them or manipulating them, after all, he is "Honest Iago." Iago makes a fool out of Roderigo. In fact, the play starts out with Iago having already taken advantage of him. Roderigo remarks, "That thou, Iago, who hast had my purse as if the strings were thine." [Act I, Scene I, Line 2] Throughout the play, Iago leads Roderigo by the collar professing that he "hate(s) the Moor" [Act I, Scene III, Line 344] and telling Roderigo to "make money" [Act I, Scene III, Line 339] so that he can give gifts to Desdemona to win her over. During the whole play however, Iago is just taking those gifts that Roderigo intends for Desdemona and keeps them for himself. Roderigo eventually starts to question Iago's honesty, saying "I think it is scurvy, and begin to find myself fopped in it." [Act IV, Scene II, Line 189] When faced with this accusation, Iago simply offers that killing Cassio will aid his cause and Roderigo blindly falls for it, hook, line, and sinker. "I have no great devotion to the deed, and yet he has given me satisfying reason," [Act V, Scene I, Line 8] says the fool Roderigo. And with this deed, Roderigo is lead to his death by the hands of none other than, "Honest Iago." Cassio, like Roderigo, follows Iago blindly, thinking the whole time that Iago is trying to help him. And during this whole time, Iago is planning the demise of Cassio, his supposed friend. On the night of Cassio's watch, Iago convinces him to take another drink, knowing very well that it will make him very drunk. Cassio just follows along, though he says, "I'll do't, but it dislikes me." [Act II, Scene III, Line 37] Iago is able to make him defy his own reasoning to take another drink! Crafty, is this Iago. When Roderigo follows through with the plan Iago has set on him, Cassio is made to look like an irresponsible fool, resulting in his termination as lieutenant. After this incident, Iago sets another of his plans in motion

Free Essays on Individual Relationship In Regards To Organization

An individual’s relationship both within and with their organization must examine three different possible scenarios. The first is the Psychological Contract, which is a set of expectations any given individual feels that they may have to offer an organization. Next, the Person-Fit Job is the manner in which the contributions that are made by the individual will be able to match or meet the needs of the organization. Finally, the Nature of Individual Differences will demonstrate the different attributes that may vary from one individual within an organization to another. The Psychological Contract is a very important factor when determining if an individual will meet the needs of a company. The set of expectations that are held by the individual must also meet the needs of what the company needs contributed to their organization and what may be exchanged in return. Every company seeks to know exactly what their employees may be able to contribute, whether it is their time, loyalty to an organization, skills, abilities, and so forth. If an organization hires an employee for any particular contribution, then that skill is expected to be seen through his or her work. In return, the individual will be rewarded by their pay or possibly advancement in their career. Eventually, the organization and the individual will decide if their arrangement is worth continuing. Next, the Person-Job Fit is needed to examine the contributions that an individual will make to their organization and how it will then be compensated. If an employee is able to meet their needs, as well as those of the organization, then it is said to be a perfect-job fit. Though this is rare, it is possible for it to occur. However, even if an employee is not perfect for a given job, it is feasible to consider what additional resources and training can potentially lead the employee to have a higher output for their organization. While each person is different ... Free Essays on Individual Relationship In Regards To Organization Free Essays on Individual Relationship In Regards To Organization An individual’s relationship both within and with their organization must examine three different possible scenarios. The first is the Psychological Contract, which is a set of expectations any given individual feels that they may have to offer an organization. Next, the Person-Fit Job is the manner in which the contributions that are made by the individual will be able to match or meet the needs of the organization. Finally, the Nature of Individual Differences will demonstrate the different attributes that may vary from one individual within an organization to another. The Psychological Contract is a very important factor when determining if an individual will meet the needs of a company. The set of expectations that are held by the individual must also meet the needs of what the company needs contributed to their organization and what may be exchanged in return. Every company seeks to know exactly what their employees may be able to contribute, whether it is their time, loyalty to an organization, skills, abilities, and so forth. If an organization hires an employee for any particular contribution, then that skill is expected to be seen through his or her work. In return, the individual will be rewarded by their pay or possibly advancement in their career. Eventually, the organization and the individual will decide if their arrangement is worth continuing. Next, the Person-Job Fit is needed to examine the contributions that an individual will make to their organization and how it will then be compensated. If an employee is able to meet their needs, as well as those of the organization, then it is said to be a perfect-job fit. Though this is rare, it is possible for it to occur. However, even if an employee is not perfect for a given job, it is feasible to consider what additional resources and training can potentially lead the employee to have a higher output for their organization. While each person is different ...

A letter to the editor in the Wall Street Journal Essay - 3

A letter to the editor in the Wall Street Journal - Essay Example In pure economic terms, the interest rates should be determined by the market forces prevailing at a particular moment. The government’s grip and control of the economy negatively impacts on its normal functioning. The main advantage of bond futures is that they offer long term investors an instrument to hedge against price swings. This will help protect them against unprecedented changes in the financial markets which can result in huge loses. In any economy, I strongly believe that investors play a significant role since they help it to grow as well as to stabilize it. Future bonds also help businesses to access funding in order to run their own enterprises. This also contributes to the growth of the economy through remittances of taxes which will be channelled towards the nation’s fiscus. Overall, I think the move by the Chinese government to bring back bond futures is a positive step towards liberalising the economy which can improve its overall performance. This move will also stabilize the interest rates. Therefore, I would like to commend the Chinese government for this noble decision since it is helpful to the overall performance of the economy as a

Criminology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminology - Research Paper Example However, he was bullied by wealthy children in his church. Cho is described as someone who was â€Å"sullen and aloof† (Biography.com, 2012). He was a loner. He referred to himself as â€Å"Question Mark† and he was known to write gruesome stories, poems and plays (Biography.com, 2012). Professors of Cho noticed that Cho’s behavior was not normal. He was described as a bully by one of his professors. He photographed the legs and knees of his female classmates. Moreover, in 2005 he was accused twice for stalking female students. Several times Cho had been advised to get counseling because of his odd behaviors. He had been brought in a psychiatric hospital but later released to be an outpatient. He attended a counseling session at Cook Counseling Center once. Some Korean youths who knew Cho said that he is a fan of violent video games, specifically, â€Å"Counterstrike† which was a game of terrorism where players try to shoot each other down with different t ypes of guns (Watson, 2007). Lucinda Roy, chair of the English Department at Virginia Tech described Cho as appearing to be very depressed (Goldstein, 2009). Roy went on further to say that she learned that Cho visited the counseling center of the school three times but there was no meaningful diagnosis. 2. Agnew’s Strain Theory Robert Agnew’s strain theory is a revision of the earlier strain theories developed. Whereas the general strain theories are focused on the negative aspects of the social relationship of individuals and how it affects their tendency to commit crime, Agnew’s strain theory presented major types of â€Å"deviance-producing strain† (O'Connor, 2007). The first type of strain is the failure to achieve positively valued goals. The positively valued goals according to Agnew are money, status and respect and autonomy (criminology.fsu.edu, n.d.). The second type of strain is the removal of positively-valued stimuli. According to Agnew this happens when a dramatic change of loss happens such as a death in the family which could be very stressful to an individual (O'Connor, 2007). The confrontation with negative stimuli is the third type of strain. These negative stimuli may include peer pressure and child abuse (O'Connor, 2007). According to Agnew, "All manner of positive stimuli" previously experienced or observed constitute expected goals, and their frustration leads to "anger, resentment, rage, dissatisfaction, disappointment, and unhappiness--that is, all the emotions customarily associated with strain in criminology" (O'Connor, 2007). One of the strengths of Agnew’s strain theory is that it argued that no one specific type of strain contributes to the criminal act of a person rather; it is a combination of all the strains that the person has experienced (Agnew, 2001). Another strength of Agnew’s theory is that it proposed a solution in how people can respond to the strains positively. One major weakn ess of Agnew’s strain theory is that it did not state which among the strains is more likely to cause criminal behavior among individuals (Agnew, 2001). Moreover, the theory did not offer an explanation why other people exposed to the strains that Agnew mentioned did not become criminals. The theory gave too much emphasis on one’s social status as a having a huge impact on an individual’s deviant behavior. A crime offender whose actions may be explained by the Agnew strain theory may be assisted by helping them to positively cope

The War Measures Act History Essay

The War Measures Act History Essay The October Crisis of 1970 and the invocation of the War Measures Act was one of the most significant events in the history of Canada. On the fifth of October, James Cross, the British Trade Commissioner, was kidnapped from his Montreal home by a group of young French Canadian terrorists, the Front de Libà ©ration du Quà ©bec or FLQ. The FLQ was a radical political group within the province of Quebec, intent on separating Quebec from Canada. Five days later, the Minister of Labour and the second in command of Quebecs provincial government, Pierre Laporte, was kidnapped from his front lawn by a different FLQ cell. The intent of the kidnappings was to exchange Cross and Laporte for the twenty-three FLQ political prisoners responsible for the bombings, hold-ups and deaths of six innocent people, as well other drastic forms of protest. There was tremendous support for the FLQ in Quebec, mainly by students and working class demonstrators. Many politicians, some members of the press, labour union leaders and other prominent members of society supported the FLQ, either openly or indirectly by agreeing with the views and demands of this organization. The Quebec government, lead by Premier Robert Bourassa, along with Pierre Elliot Trudeaus Federal Government, refused negotiations with this terrorist organization. Quebec requested federal aid. On the 15th of October 1970 the Federal Army was sent into the province. The following day, both governments brought forth the implementation of the War Measures Act; an act designed for war. On the succeeding day, the body of Pierre Laporte was found strangled, bringing the crisis to its apex. The unprecedented use of this act in a time of peace sparked enormous criticism and controversy. Both the Federal and Provincial governments argued for the justification of the act, while the opposition parties, scholars, historians, reporters and other political figures strongly criticized and argued against it. Whether the use of this act was just, or not, is a highly debatable subject. To fully assess its use, the events leading up to its employment and the effects it had on the Canadian public, as well as the opinions from both sides of the issue need to be taken into consideration. In the fall of 1970, there were numerous converging contributors, both national and international, to the tensions and turmoil experienced in the province of Quebec. The turmoil of the health care in Quebec elevated tensions. In 1966 the Medical Care Act was passed, which allowed each province to develop and implement its own form of Federally funded health care. The government in Quebec worked on the development of the Medical Insurance Act, which would implement this healthcare. However, revisions of this act were time consuming. Each month that the act went unenforced, the province of Quebec lost out on vast amounts of federal funds. Doctors and specialists concerned with the new system went on strike at the same time as the FLQ Crisis. The two events were not directly related but this event put more pressure on the Quebec government and heightened apprehensions within the province. 2 Another contributor to the setting of the crisis was the Parti Quà ©bà ©cois. This partys principle political stance was the separation of Quebec from Canada. The Parti Quà ©bà ©cois and the FLQ are often mistakenly regarded as connected organizations because of their paralleled ideologies. In actuality, the two groups were entirely distinct from one another. The FLQ perceived violence as the only conduit of achieving their demands, whereas the Parti Quà ©bà ©cois wanted to achieve its goal through peaceful means. They objected to federal intervention in matters pertaining to Quebec. The founder and leader Renà © Là ©vesque created this political party but was not an elected member of the National Assembly. Dr. Camille Laurin led the party, along with its seven members, in the National Assembly. French Canadians felt inadequately represented on a national platform. This new, inexperienced and highly unorganized Parti Quà ©bà ©cois led to far more chaos than benefit. Although non-violent, they were wary to object to the FLQ because they did not want to lose popularity among the student population of active protestors.3 On the 12th of October, the party added to the unrest by making the uniformed, public declaration in favor for the exchange of the political prisoners. The Parti Quà ©bà ©cois objected to Ontario Premier John Robarts declaration of opposition to FLQs separation through terrorism. This party turned the crisis into Quebec versus Ottawa, which is what exactly what the FLQ wanted.4 The Parti Quà ©bà ©cois had a staggering influence on the attitude of the Quebec public. The press and media were another major contributing factor to public attitudes at the time of crisis. Instead of promoting calm and order, the press raised tensions and aggression through the spreading of rumors, and through slanted reporting in favor of the Parti Quà ©bà ©cois. The press failed to consider at the time, that the Parti Quà ©bà ©cois declaration on the crisis may have inadvertently aided the FLQ, or that the Parti Quà ©bà ©cois might have acted opportunistically.5 At the point of the crisis in October in 1970, the FLQ had existed for 7 years. There had been 200 bombings in Quebec and numerous other acts of violence. The government knew they were capable of violence. The press hysterically covered the events, and newspapers screamed for drastic action. The provincial government of Quebec was under enormous pressure to act.6 Public attitude reflected that many citizens of Quebec felt that the federal government of Canada was in favor of its English speaking population. This attitude added frustration among the public, and the setting of turmoil and chaos was set for the crisis that occurred in October 1970. The separatist group Front de Libà ©ration du Quà ©bec was politically active from 1963 to 1973. Pierre Vallià ¨res and Charles Gagnon were key leads of the FLQ in October 1970. This was not one cohesive group, but rather a set of minor groups or cells, sharing a common view of the issues in Quebec. Many cells had their own agenda and goals separate from the whole of the body. The organization, like its philosophy, depended on the views of the members at any given time. The FLQs cells were constantly breaking up and reforming because of police raids, arrests, and convictions in court, and also because of differences among members.7 Prior to the 1970s, the FLQ manifesto primarily called for separation. In 1970, at the beginning of the crisis, the demand for a workers state was added to their manifesto. Part of the manifesto was written in colloquial French or in French English slang, intentionally to distance the FLQ from the intellectuals or bourgeoisie and align themselves with t he working class.8 College and university students actively participated and demonstrated for the cause. Many sympathetically aligned with the FLQ and did not object to the acts being committed. Many helped to shelter wanted FLQ members, and many stayed silent, refraining from objection to the FLQ and its cause. There was no official list of members. This group of like-minded individuals held varying levels of dedication. To become a member one must commit a crime for the cause. They thought their actions were giving Quebec its freedom. 1968 a long term strategy document entitled Revolutionary Strategy and the Role of the Avant-Garde outlined plans of the robberies and violence, bombings and kidnappings thought to be necessary to bring about the revolution that they sought after.9 It also outlined plans for kidnappings and assassinations. This accumulated group of revolutionary terrorists felt that violence was the only means to achieve their goals. On the 5th of October 1970, two members of the FLQ Liberation cell kidnapped British trade commissioner James Cross, from his home, leaving a ransom note of demands. The demands included the publishing of the Front de Libà ©ration du Quà ©bec manifesto, the release of the twenty three convicted and imprisoned members of the FLQ, $500,000 in gold, the rehiring of Les Gars de Lapalme, as well as other demands. The members of the FLQ cell that kidnapped Cross were prepared and determined to achieve their demands. Members of the cell stated, when we decided to kidnap the diplomat Cross, we weighed all the possibilities, including the sacrifice of our own lives for a cause we believed to be just. If the repressive police forces should discover us and attempt to intervene before the release of the British diplomat Cross, be sure that we will sell our lives dearly and that Mr. Cross would immediately be liquidated. We have enough dynamite in our possession to feel perfectly secure.10 The context of the manifesto and crisis need to be taken into consideration. Turmoil, unrest and revolution were actively occurring in other parts of the world. The students of France had only a few years earlier, revolted in their own country. France had encouraged Quebecs wish for separation. The FLQ manifesto went through three transitions since 1963. This first manifesto called for social justice, focusing on separatism. The second version was shorter, omitting talk of violence. The third was published the day after Cross was kidnapped. This manifesto called workers to take back what was theirs: we are the workers of Quà ©bec and we will struggle on to the bitter end. Together with all the people, we want to replace this slave society with a free society, functioning by itself and for itself; a society open to the world.11 It was written with a shock esthetic to encourage public sympathy. The publication of the manifesto was one of the demands of the Liberation cell. Radio Canada agreed to a televised reading. The government did not condone, nor did it object to the reading. To object would heighten interest, curiosity and criticism towards the government. To exchange convicted terrorists for hostages is an extremely difficult choice for any government. There is no correct decision. Each situation suffers both pros and cons: to save the lives of two people by releasing convicted criminals or risk the lives of the two hostages. The FLQ directly addressed their demands to the Bourassa government who had to ultimately make the decision. The first option meant permitting terrorist activity to replace the courts and legislature of a democratic society, where social and political reform can come about by drastic means.12 The release of the jailed FLQ would surely invite further kidnappings. The Quebec minister of Justice, Jà ©rà ´me Choquette stated that No society can consent to have the decisions of its judicial and governmental institutional challenged or set aside by the blackmail of a minority, for that signifies the end of all social order.13 While Choquette announced the governments refusal to release the prisoners, a separate cell, called the Chà ©nier cell, immediately acted by kidnapping Pierre Laporte. The timing of this kidnapping made the FLQ appear to be a highly organized, incredibly swift moving group.14 They were already on their way to kidnap Laporte before the English translation of Choquettes statement was aired.15 To the government, this swiftness frightened them and caused them to question the strength of the Front de Libà ©ration du Quà ©bec. After the kidnapping of Laporte, Bourassas government met to discuss the decision. After a three-day period and much debate, the unanimous decision of non-negotiation was made. The justification behind the decision was that the FLQ demanded the release of political prisoners, but that was not what they were; they were convicted criminals. To accept the demands to release them would diminish the value of the Canadian justice system. A democratic society cannot accept blackmail as a legitimate argument in government proceedings, otherwise anarchy will replace rule of law. If the government had given in to the demands of the FLQ, this would only demonstrate the weapon that the terrorists possess, encouraging others to achieve their goals through the same means. This crisis occurred in a democratic country and the FLQ directly challenged Canadian democracy. A democratically elected government is a trustee charged with the task of preserving the rights and freedoms of the society that cho se to elect it and, accordingly, it has no mandate to cede its authority and responsibilities to terrorists.16 The government did, however, continue with attempts to negotiate with the FLQ in hopes that their stalling would allow time for authorities to find Cross and Laporte. The FLQ was stunned by the governments decision. The Parti Quà ©bà ©cois publically expressed opposition to the ruling and viewed the convicted criminals as political prisoners. On October fourteenth, Là ©vesque and sixteen other government officials and intellectuals signed a petition calling for the exchange. They did so to show opposition to the government; they sympathized with the FLQ. The Parti Quà ©bà ©cois failed to realize that the decision to release them would disparage the Canadian justice system. The next aspect of the October Crisis that must be discussed is the distinction between the calling in of the Canadian Army, and the implementation of the War Measures Act. Many fail to realize that the active army presence in Quebec did not depend on the implementation of the War Measures Act. On the 15th of October 1970, under the National Defense Act, the Quebec government requested federal assistance by calling the army into the province to aid their civil powers. Opposition parties agreed with this decision. Dr. Camille Laurin initially agreed with the decision, and then reversed his opinion hours later. When asked about the insertion of the army in Quebec, Prime Minister Pierre Elliot Trudeau stated that, we have used certain elements of the army as peace officers so that the police forces would be free to accomplish their real duties and would not be obliged to spend their time protecting your friends from another kidnapping. I believe that it is more important to rid ourselve s of those who seek to impose their will on the government through a parallel power which resorts to kidnapping and extortion. 17 The army was successful, allowing the police to focus on their normal duties. Most of the population welcomed the army presence and the reassurance it brought, although, there were many who opposed. It must be stressed that the army could be called in without the use of the War Measures Act. The two are separate from one another. The War Measures Act was developed for war. It had been invoked during World War I and II, whereby the Federal government can use all powers it deems necessary to achieve its goal. Under this act, civil liberties and judicial rights are suspended. Censorship becomes active and suspicion and distrust are at extremes. The government is easily able to arrest and detain individuals perceived as a threat, without authorization or the right to a court hearing. The War Measures Act is based on unbridled authority, fear and the threat of violence.18 On the 16th of October, at four a.m. the Act was invoked declaring the FLQ an illegal organization and that membership would be considered a crime. Other issues happening around the world influenced the Canadian government and Cabinet Minsters. They believed individuals and groups of the FLQ were being financed and inspired by foreign political powers that do not share our notion of mans fundamental liberties.19 The fear of the unknown caused the two governments to act in such a drastic way. Trudeau may have proclaimed the War Measures Act, not because of the actual events, but rather, that he knew if the Federal government did not act decisively, their vision of Federalism would not persevere.20 The reason given for the proclamation was an apprehended insurrection, the evidence for which Canadians were to take on faith, and that Quebec had asked for the imposition of the act.21 Violence had progressively built since the formation of the FLQ and after the two kidnappings; government officials feared what would happen next. The assassination of John F. Kennedy had occurred only a few years prior. They were aware that the FLQ had a plan devised that included assassination, and they feared that it would be the next step. Although the FLQs strength and resources were unknown to the police or to the governments, there was considerable evidence of a build-up, that, it was thought, could lead to even greater violence that had already occurred.22 William Tetley, a minister of Bourassas cabinet believed there was sufficient reason for the government to invoke the act. Many in the cabinet quietly went along with the act, either unsure or too intimidated to speak out. Only Tommy Douglas of the New Democratic Party stood in the House each day, debating the government on its justifications for suspending civil liberties.23 Overnight twelve thousand five hundred armed troops flooded into Montreal in search of the FLQ kidnappers. Two hundred and forty two people were arrested, some in the middle of the night, and some violently. Among the arrested in Quebec, many were labour leaders, community activists and organizers and separatists of all types. These people were stripped of their rights, they could not inform their families, friends, or employers of their detainment or whereabouts. 24 Many viewed this as humiliating, and some citizens were verbally and physically abused by police.25 Homes were searched without warrants, virtually all civil rights were removed as an extreme effort to swiftly put an end to the crisis. The day after the war measures act was implemented; the strangled body of Pierre Laporte was discovered. The reason given for the proclamation was an apprehended insurrection, the evidence for which Canadians were to take on faith.26 Paul and Jacques Rose, Bernard Lortie and Francis Simmard were the four accused of the murder of Pierre Laporte. After serving his sentence, Simmard wrote a memoire discussing his views and the views of his cell on the crisis. He proceeded to explain the reasoning for his actions and why they chose to murder Laporte. The FLQ had never planned to kidnap Cross; they did not intend to make the issue an Anglo -French issue but rather wanted to gain political separation.27 His reasoning for partaking in the FLQ was that the issues represented by the group fully represented his situation. We werent looking for an outlet for our need to revolt, it wasnt some kind of personal assertion thing. We were trying to get a hold of our lives, our situation as worker, our poverty. For us, the words in the manifesto werent abstract theory. We were the manifesto.28 The poverty of the working class was the daily lives of its members. Simmard and the Roses had left the country to make some money. Upon their return, they learned that an FLQ cell had acted on its own to kidnap Cross.29 They felt that the provincial and federal governments were not taking the situation seriously.30 His cell decided to kidnap a person directly responsible for the situation and Laporte was an easy target. They considered the abduction of an American diplomat, but decided to go with Laporte because he was close to their location and they knew he was at his home. They actually called his house before going to kidnap him, to see if he was home.31 Simmards cell waited for the governments answer regarding the demands set after the kidnapping of Cross. When Choquette rejected their demands they immediately acted.32 To them the ruling class at the conference was smug and arrogant and annoyed that the FLQ was playing their game33 He felt they needed to take a more drastic stance against the government to show the seriousness that the FLQ represented. Our choices werent spontaneous, they werent individualistic. Our choices were part of the struggle for Quebec independence and social, economic and political power for the workers.34 The decision to partake in the FLQ was a means to take control of their situation and lives. In regards to the murder of Laporte, Simmard states that, we never intended to kill Pierre Laporte. If we had, we wouldnt have kidnapped him, we would have killed him. The immediate goal of the kidnapping was the release of Quebec political prisoners, the rehiring of the Lapalme workers who had been laid off and the will to get rid of a political authority that was not and would never be ours. We were sincere.35 After the government made the decision to combat the FLQ with the War Measures Act, Simmard and his cell felt they had no choice but to kill Laporte. We choseto kill him, it was no accident. 36 After the death of Laporte, government support grew tremendously. Even Quebec overwhelmingly supported the War Measures Act after Laportes death.37The anger from the murder caused many to lose support for the FLQ. Also, most were scared after to be aligned with the FLQ under the use of the Act. Members of the FLQ were not the only ones to criticize the governments decision to implement the War Measures Act. Many questioned whether or not Trudeau had ulterior motives for its implementation. The act was used Canada wide and was exploited in parts of the country. It was intended that anyone who supported the FLQ, Canada wide would be detained. However, there were reported cases in Vancouver, Ottawa, and Regina, of police using the Act as an excuse to rid the city of any undesirables (i.e. hippies, student activists, etc.). This exploitation of the act resulted in enormous criticism towards the government. 38 Prior to the decision of the implementation of the act, it was rumored that RCMP members informed cabinet ministers that the FLQ had weapons that were threatening to the safety of the public. The government later blamed RCMP for bad information when in reality it was a lack of proper political evaluation. It was a lack of coordination between intelligence groups and the governments.39 There were major errors in the implementation of the War Measures Act. The choice of those to be arrested under the Act should have been more carefully planned and decided. They should have been allowed the right to an attorney and the public should have been more informed. However, it was difficultà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦for the government to inform the public without letting the FLQ know their strategy.40 There was also much criticism towards Trudeau directly for implementing the Measure as a means to discourage or set back the separatist movement. The October Crisis resulted from the combined effect of the two kidnappings and the federal governments anger at seeing the independence movement constantly gain momentum.41 Conversely most English Canadians supported the WMA.42 In the summer of 1970, there were bombings in Montreal, FLQ calls for revolutionary action, rumors of weapon and dynamite theft, and strikes. The Bourassa government was showed that they were inadequate to lead the province in dealing with its issues. When Cross was kidnapped, Trudeau was shocked. He reacted strongly and vowed that the government would not give in to terrorists. Trudeau said if we had agreed, as the FLQ demandedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦they would have no reason to hesitate to murder, rob and bomb againà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦all their pals would have to do is kidnap someone else to have them released from prison- and on and on indefinitely.43 Then Laporte was kidnapped and the stakes grew. The government in Ottawa began to fear the FLQ was more organized than initially thought. Feared that if not stopped it could lead to untold violence. 44 Bourassa and Justice Minister Jerome Choquette appeared confused as at times they seemed wil ling to compromise with the FLQ, then turned around and towed the harder federal line. The audacity and timing of the second kidnapping caught everyone by surprise.45 Everyone was scared and unsure of what was next to come. They believed assassinations to be next and wanted to swiftly bring an end to the crisis. Trudeau stated in regards to the mobilizations of the army into Quebec, Well there are a lot of bleeding hearts around who dont like to see people with helmets and gunsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦All I can say is, go on and bleed, but it is more important to keep law and order in society.46 When asked how far will you go? Trudeau famously replied, Just watch me47 The police needed help. Instead of creating special legislation that would require a time consuming parliamentary debate and would alert terrorists of their plans, the Trudeau government decided to implement the War Measures Act despite knowing that enormous criticism that would accompany it. They thought the FLQ was a large organized group, the WMA would be justified and was the right option. If not it would only be a temporary measure. The War Measures Act was a rough but effective way to cool the situation by taking possible agitators and FLQ sympathizers out of circulation and by assuring the populace that the governments had full control.48 The passing of the Medical Insurance Act ended the specialist doctors strike on the 16th of October. The FLQ had planned demonstrations in support of the strike for that day, but with passing of both the War Measures Act and the Medical Insurance Act, the demonstrations never occurred. The night before the War Measures Act was proclaimed, Quebec was in turmoil. The day after it was calm.49 Twenty-four years after the October Crisis, Mitchell Sharp, who was the Deputy Prime Minister of Canada in 1970, voiced a strong opinion supporting Trudeau. I think that Trudeaus firm leadership, putting the preservation of Law and order above any other consideration was probably the most important single contribution he made to the preservation of peace and democracy in Canada during his time as Prime Ministerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦The first duty of the government is to govern which means never giving in to chaos or terror.50 By the end of the War Measures Act, four hundred and sixty-five people had been arrested; four hundred and three were released. Of the sixty-two not released, only thirty-two were actually charged with only eighteen convicted of minor offences. James Cross released on the 3rd of December, by agreement with authorities, his captors were flown to Cuba. Laportes murderers were captured on 28th of December. The FLQ gained support as a result of various factors. Its members seemed fully entrenched in their cause, but when Cross kidnappers were discovered, they did not demand for the goals of the FLQ but rather asked for exile. They were not as dedicated to the cause as they thought.51 Laportes kidnappers chose to be tried under the Canadian justice system, convicted, and carried out jail sentences. In Francis Simmards memoire he is more intent on justifying his actions rather than revealing any real remorse. In hindsight it is easy to criticize the government s for their use of the War Measures Act. They knew it was an excessive measure at the time, however, time was of the essence and they needed a means of reining control back into the hands of the government in a swift and impactful way. They did not want to allow the FLQ time to gain knowledge of governmental plans of opposition. Tensions and distrust were at an extreme, and all sought a quick end to the crisis. The War Measures Act did what it set out to do, the kidnappings ended, the crisis ended and the temporary act was then removed. Two terrorist cells initiated a political hostage crisis. The RCMP saw the crisis as requiring good, patient, careful police work to solve. The Quebec Ministers in Ottawa deliberately chose to escalate the political magnitude of the crisis to justify emergency powers as a means of intimidating nationalists and separatists.52 Robert Stanfield stated, The arbitrary abrogation of individual rights weake ns rather than strengthens social order.53 Or did Canadians come together in unity by agreeing to forego individual rights and freedoms to retain the democracy of their country? Endnotes Bouthillier, Guy, and Edouard Cloutier. Trudeaus Darkest Hour: War Measures in Time of Peace, October 1970. Montrà ©al: Baraka, 2010. p.p. 161 Tetley, William. The October Crisis, 1970: An Insiders View. Montrà ©al: McGill-Queens University Press, 2010. p.p. 7 Tetley, William. The October Crisis, 1970: An Insiders View. Montrà ©al: McGill-Queens University Press, 2010. p.p. 9 Tetley, William. The October Crisis, 1970: An Insiders View. Montrà ©al: McGill-Queens University Press, 2010. p.p. 9 Tetley, William. The October Crisis, 1970: An Insiders View. Montrà ©al: McGill-Queens University Press, 2010. p.p. 12 Bouthillier, Guy, and Edouard Cloutier. Trudeaus Darkest Hour: War Measures in Time of Peace, October 1970. Montrà ©al: Baraka, 2010. p.p. 68 Tetley, William. The October Crisis, 1970: An Insiders View. Montrà ©al: McGill-Queens University Press, 2010. p.p. 21 Tetley, William. The October Crisis, 1970: An Insiders View. Montrà ©al: McGill-Queens University Press, 2010. p.p. 20 Tetley, William. The October Crisis, 1970: An Insiders View. Montrà ©al: McGill-Queens University Press, 2010. p.p. 21 Tetley, William. The October Crisis, 1970: An Insiders View. Montrà ©al: McGill-Queens University Press, 2010. p.p. 22 Tetley, William. The October Crisis, 1970: An Insiders View. Montrà ©al: McGill-Queens University Press, 2010. p.p. 34 Tetley, William. The October Crisis, 1970: An Insiders View. Montrà ©al: McGill-Queens University Press, 2010. p.p. 39 Tetley, William. The October Crisis, 1970: An Insiders View. Montrà ©al: McGill-Queens University Press, 2010. p.p. 40 Bouthillier, Guy, and Edouard Cloutier. Trudeaus Darkest Hour: War Measures in Time of Peace, October 1970. Montrà ©al: Baraka, 2010. p.p. 68 Simard, Francis, and David Homel. Talking It Out: The October Crisis from the inside, Translated by David Homel. Montrà ©al, Quà ©bec, Canada: Guernica, 1987. p.p 29 Tetley, William. The October Crisis, 1970: An Insiders View. Montrà ©al: McGill-Queens University Press, 2010. p.p. 4 Tetley, William. The October Crisis, 1970: An Insiders View. Montrà ©al: McGill-Queens University Press, 2010. p.p. 63 Bouthillier, Guy, and Edouard Cloutier. Trudeaus Darkest Hour: War Measures in Time of Peace, October 1970. Montrà ©al: Baraka, 2010. p.p. 15 Bouthillier, Guy, and Edouard Cloutier. Trudeaus Darkest Hour: War Measures in Time of Peace, October 1970. Montrà ©al: Baraka, 2010. p.p. 51 Bouthillier, Guy, and Edouard Cloutier. Trudeaus Darkest Hour: War Measures in Time of Peace, October 1970. Montrà ©al: Baraka, 2010. p.p. 62 Bouthillier, Guy, and Edouard Cloutier. Trudeaus Darkest Hour: War Measures in Time of Peace, October 1970. Montrà ©al: Baraka, 2010. p.p. 73 Tetley, William. The October Crisis, 1970: An Insiders View. Montrà ©al: McGill-Queens University Press, 2010. p.p. 70 Bouthillier, Guy, and Edouard Cloutier. Trudeaus Darkest Hour: War Measures in Time of Peace, October 1970. Montrà ©al: Baraka, 2010. p.p. 74 Bouthillier, Guy, and Edouard Cloutier. Trudeaus Darkest Hour: War Measures in Time of Peace, October 1970. Montrà ©al: Baraka, 2010. p.p. 94 Bouthillier, Guy, and Edouard Cloutier. Trudeaus Darkest Hour: War Measures in Time of Peace, October 1970. Montrà ©al: Baraka, 2010. p.p. 94 Bouthillier, Guy, and Edouard Cloutier. Trudeaus Darkest Hour: War Measures in Time of Peace, October 1970. Montrà ©al: Baraka, 2010. p.p. 73 Simard, Francis, and David Homel. Talking It Out: The October Crisis from the inside, Translated by David Homel. Montrà ©al, Quà ©bec, Canada: Guernica, 1987. p.p 13 Simard, Francis, and David Homel. Talking It Out: The October Crisis from the inside, Translated by David Homel. Montrà ©al, Quà ©bec, Canada: Guernica, 1987. p.p 20 Simard, Francis, and David Homel. Talking It Out: The October Crisi